Dilution water used in pesticide
Dilution water used in pesticide different effects on different physical and chemical properties of pesticides, can sometimes improve injury. If hard water is used to dilute EC pesticides could easily lead to injury.
Residual injury
Since long-term continuous use of a single strong pesticide residues, accumulated year after year be sensitive vegetable produce injury.
Drift injury
When the use of pesticides or mist drifting particles diffuse fly around sensitive crops would produce injury. Onion Field garden pressure sprayer spraying of herbicides such as cowpea easy to produce injury.
Not thoroughly cleaned sprayer
Spraying herbicide sprayer, if not thoroughly cleaned and then used for vegetable spray pesticides, herbicides residues in vegetables easy to produce injury.
Resistance factor
Different vegetables, different species, different growth stages of pesticide resistance are different. Brassicaceae, Solanaceae, Gramineae vegetables resistant strong, weak resistant leguminous vegetables, melons and vegetables Resistance of the weakest. Cabbage on copper fungicide sensitivity for carbaryl sensitive melons, melons, beans can not touch the 2,4-D herbicide. In addition, vegetables or plants at different growth stages of drug resistance in different parts of victims of different capacities, such as tender young vegetables and vegetable section, flowering resistant weak, prone to injury. Waxy or hairy leaves more vegetables is not easy to produce injury.
Environmental Factors
Hot spraying easy to produce injury, it is not easy spraying temperature, especially in hot weather do not knapsack power sprayer spraying when the temperature is high noon. Some pharmaceutical use in rainy weather prone to injury, such as rain, humid conditions using Bordeaux mixture prone to injury. Strong sunlight prone to injury. Less sandy soil and organic vegetables grown in soils prone to injury, followed by loam, clay soil organic matter and more difficult to cause injury.
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2013年11月5日星期二
Wettable powder and soluble powder
Wettable powders (WP)
It is the original drugs and fillers, wetting agents and dispersing agents after mechanical mixing of the powder formulations. The fine powder to be smaller ratio, wetting time is less than 2 minutes, suspension rate of greater than 60%. Wettable powder is mainly used for water spraying, dusting can not be used directly in the water back pack sprayers spraying, the active ingredient is not dissolved in water, but suspended in the water, and this is a key distinction between the soluble powder. Many on tobacco use fungicides and some insecticides are processed into a wettable powder is used, it has the advantage of relatively fine spray droplets, on the plant surface, strong adhesion, when spraying affected by wind little control effect is better than the same pesticide powder, Vinca longer. The kinds of formulations in fungicides accounted for a higher proportion of its efficacy generally do not have good EC, the current tobacco use on the most wettable powder pesticide formulations. Removal of the rainy season, the rest time can be the use of such agents. So class pharmaceutical diluted easy precipitation, thus resulting in injury, the best choice when preparing pharmaceutical secondary dilution method.
Soluble powder (WS)
Can be directly dissolved in water using powdered pesticide formulations, generally known as water-soluble powder on pesticides. WP like the appearance of the formulation, and the active ingredient content is usually higher than wettable powders, generally up to 60% - 90%. With insecticides, both active ingredients are the same, the efficacy of soluble powder than wettable powder. Compared with the EC, efficacy is similar, but without the use of organic solvents, reduce product costs,garden hand sprayers reduce environmental pollution, while highlighting the advantages of such agents, but in China is still in the development application stage.
It is the original drugs and fillers, wetting agents and dispersing agents after mechanical mixing of the powder formulations. The fine powder to be smaller ratio, wetting time is less than 2 minutes, suspension rate of greater than 60%. Wettable powder is mainly used for water spraying, dusting can not be used directly in the water back pack sprayers spraying, the active ingredient is not dissolved in water, but suspended in the water, and this is a key distinction between the soluble powder. Many on tobacco use fungicides and some insecticides are processed into a wettable powder is used, it has the advantage of relatively fine spray droplets, on the plant surface, strong adhesion, when spraying affected by wind little control effect is better than the same pesticide powder, Vinca longer. The kinds of formulations in fungicides accounted for a higher proportion of its efficacy generally do not have good EC, the current tobacco use on the most wettable powder pesticide formulations. Removal of the rainy season, the rest time can be the use of such agents. So class pharmaceutical diluted easy precipitation, thus resulting in injury, the best choice when preparing pharmaceutical secondary dilution method.
Soluble powder (WS)
Can be directly dissolved in water using powdered pesticide formulations, generally known as water-soluble powder on pesticides. WP like the appearance of the formulation, and the active ingredient content is usually higher than wettable powders, generally up to 60% - 90%. With insecticides, both active ingredients are the same, the efficacy of soluble powder than wettable powder. Compared with the EC, efficacy is similar, but without the use of organic solvents, reduce product costs,garden hand sprayers reduce environmental pollution, while highlighting the advantages of such agents, but in China is still in the development application stage.
2013年11月4日星期一
Rational use of pesticides and precautions
Rational use of pesticides should be safe, effective, economical , namely pesticides in mastering performance , based on the scientific use , give full play to its efficacy, it is both effective insect pest control , but also ensure to livestock , crops and other beneficial organisms security . Rational use of pesticides , should pay attention to grasp the following principles :
1 , the right medicine , a clear control object . Select pesticides , to clarify the physiological mechanism of control object characteristics and hazards , as well as varieties of crops , such as reproductive period , field varied kinds of pests that occur every kind of different agents reactions are different, even the same different types of populations are very different . After the control object in the clear , and then select the appropriate pesticides . For example , control borer , available Bataan , pyrantel pamoate , furosemide feeding Dan .
2 , improve pest surveys , grasp the key period of bottle sprayer spraying. Carefully before applying for pest surveys , master control period , the best control during spraying. Otherwise spraying prematurely , efficacy period does not coincide with pest control , would not achieve the role of damage control . Spraying late effect is poor, not only would not achieve the control effect and cause pesticide waste. Therefore , spraying should take a good "heat ", select pests weaknesses or sensitive period of pesticides , insecticides should have in general to 3rd instar larvae hatching before fungicides currently in use , mostly to protect nature, the treatment less effective. Therefore, disease prevention and control , should be before the onset or early onset of drug use, if you wait until then hand sprayers spraying disease has been popular , it is difficult to achieve good control effect.
3, can not arbitrarily increase the dosage or an increase in drug concentration . Many farmers mistakenly believe that increasing the dosage or an increase in drug concentration control efficiency will increase , therefore, does not follow the instructions above to increase the dosage requirement is widespread . In addition, farmers in the dispensary is not measuring, only random amount of the cap , the lack of numerical concepts , resulting in greatly excessive use of drugs , do not only wasteful , but also prone to injury. Environment has been seriously polluted , endangering human and animal safety .
1 , the right medicine , a clear control object . Select pesticides , to clarify the physiological mechanism of control object characteristics and hazards , as well as varieties of crops , such as reproductive period , field varied kinds of pests that occur every kind of different agents reactions are different, even the same different types of populations are very different . After the control object in the clear , and then select the appropriate pesticides . For example , control borer , available Bataan , pyrantel pamoate , furosemide feeding Dan .
2 , improve pest surveys , grasp the key period of bottle sprayer spraying. Carefully before applying for pest surveys , master control period , the best control during spraying. Otherwise spraying prematurely , efficacy period does not coincide with pest control , would not achieve the role of damage control . Spraying late effect is poor, not only would not achieve the control effect and cause pesticide waste. Therefore , spraying should take a good "heat ", select pests weaknesses or sensitive period of pesticides , insecticides should have in general to 3rd instar larvae hatching before fungicides currently in use , mostly to protect nature, the treatment less effective. Therefore, disease prevention and control , should be before the onset or early onset of drug use, if you wait until then hand sprayers spraying disease has been popular , it is difficult to achieve good control effect.
3, can not arbitrarily increase the dosage or an increase in drug concentration . Many farmers mistakenly believe that increasing the dosage or an increase in drug concentration control efficiency will increase , therefore, does not follow the instructions above to increase the dosage requirement is widespread . In addition, farmers in the dispensary is not measuring, only random amount of the cap , the lack of numerical concepts , resulting in greatly excessive use of drugs , do not only wasteful , but also prone to injury. Environment has been seriously polluted , endangering human and animal safety .
To de-worming medication flowers counterpart
In actual production , flowers , like other crops are also vulnerable to a variety of pest infestation . Flowers in the fight against pests , such as insects according to different mouthparts symptomatic spraying , to improve the control effect will be of great benefit.
Chewing mouthparts of insects , such as yellow slug , the day suddenly caterpillars, beetle daisy , leaf miner , grubs , black cutworm , mole crickets, flies and other species , damage flowers , fruit tree sprayer the principal cause floral tissue mechanical damage. Leaf feeding pests such as flowers , leaves often cause defects , and even leaves eaten ; eats flowers, stems , fruits and seeds of pest infestation drill into its internal organization , often caused by holes in the surface , the formation of worms in the internal tract ( such as chrysanthemum beetles, bees , etc. rose stems ) ; lurking in leaf epidermal between feeding pests leaves left in the serpentine road insects , often the leaves wither , caducous ; feeding after sowing seed , seedling roots , corms , bulbs and tubers and other flowers underground pests , often caused Deficiency or seedling lodging, and even whole dead . Flowers in the fight against chewing insects , the stomach may be the preferred toxic pesticides , the most commonly used agents have trichlorfon , sodium fluoride , etc. The absorption of chemical agents such as monocrotophos, omethoate and other chewing mouthparts and has a good killing effect .
For sucking mouthparts , which feeding method is to use the mouth needle into flower leaves, flowers, shoots , stems and other tissues , drawing juice. Flower shape suffer no mechanical damage , only parts of the formation in the victim faded spots, or cause tissue malformations ( such as wrinkled leaves , leaf , galls , etc. ) , common pests sucking mouthparts scale insects, aphids, thrips , whiteflies , mites and other insects. In the fight against sucking mouthparts damage , the drug of choice is a systemic insecticide , such as omethoate , monocrotophos , carbofuran and so on.manual sprayer Contact toxicity of insecticides such as malathion , phoxim , cypermethrin , deltamethrin and other pests on flowers and has a good control effect. It should be noted that the prevention of gastric toxicity of pesticides on flower sucking mouthparts pests largely ineffective .
Chewing mouthparts of insects , such as yellow slug , the day suddenly caterpillars, beetle daisy , leaf miner , grubs , black cutworm , mole crickets, flies and other species , damage flowers , fruit tree sprayer the principal cause floral tissue mechanical damage. Leaf feeding pests such as flowers , leaves often cause defects , and even leaves eaten ; eats flowers, stems , fruits and seeds of pest infestation drill into its internal organization , often caused by holes in the surface , the formation of worms in the internal tract ( such as chrysanthemum beetles, bees , etc. rose stems ) ; lurking in leaf epidermal between feeding pests leaves left in the serpentine road insects , often the leaves wither , caducous ; feeding after sowing seed , seedling roots , corms , bulbs and tubers and other flowers underground pests , often caused Deficiency or seedling lodging, and even whole dead . Flowers in the fight against chewing insects , the stomach may be the preferred toxic pesticides , the most commonly used agents have trichlorfon , sodium fluoride , etc. The absorption of chemical agents such as monocrotophos, omethoate and other chewing mouthparts and has a good killing effect .
For sucking mouthparts , which feeding method is to use the mouth needle into flower leaves, flowers, shoots , stems and other tissues , drawing juice. Flower shape suffer no mechanical damage , only parts of the formation in the victim faded spots, or cause tissue malformations ( such as wrinkled leaves , leaf , galls , etc. ) , common pests sucking mouthparts scale insects, aphids, thrips , whiteflies , mites and other insects. In the fight against sucking mouthparts damage , the drug of choice is a systemic insecticide , such as omethoate , monocrotophos , carbofuran and so on.manual sprayer Contact toxicity of insecticides such as malathion , phoxim , cypermethrin , deltamethrin and other pests on flowers and has a good control effect. It should be noted that the prevention of gastric toxicity of pesticides on flower sucking mouthparts pests largely ineffective .
2013年11月3日星期日
Neem in organic vegetable production application
Most plants contain neem insecticide , anthelmintic , antifeedant substances such as neem , TSN , Neem etc. Neem Neem is a deciduous tree , widely distributed in northern China , and its roots, leaves and fruits contain Toosendanin , you can control a variety of borers , planthoppers , caterpillar , aphids , etc. Bark and leaves contain Toosendanin , alkaloids, kaempferol , phenol and other substances, including bitter fruit quality ; nucleolus containing neem oil.
Mechanism: insects, insect , poor feeding , growth inhibition.
Control target: bollworm , aphids , diamondback moth , beet armyworm, cutworms, Pieris , potatoes ladybug , mites , leafhoppers, leafminers and a variety of whiteflies .
Preparation and use:
Aqueous extract of neem seed production : back pack sprayer Collect the neem tree fruit falls to the ground , remove the flesh , the seeds were washed on the flesh . The seeds are then stored in ventilated place, at the child when needed peeled , chopped, wrapped in a cloth soaked in a bucket within 24 hours, compared to the flooding liter 25-50g. Thus prepared extract on Pieris , melon leaf beetle and locust very effective.
The 5kg neem seed powder wrapped in a cloth inside , soak in a bucket within 12 hours after the squeeze bag , and the other with a little water to melt 10kg soap, into the barrel , stir , add water so that the liquid reaches 100L, spray can control corn borer .
Neem oil production: handmade neem oil. First seeds hulled, inside scoop mashed into a paste to brown , add a little water mass into a ball , kneading in the basin until the surface leaking oil, then beat , neem oil will drop . In this way , 1kg neem seed kernel can be refined 100-150ml Neem oil.
Neem oil with a little soapy water emulsion , diluted with water to 100-200 times can effectively control mites and planthoppers .
Botanical pesticides pest and disease prevention , ecological protection, pollution-free vegetable production preferred pharmacy, there are a large number of existing plants has bactericidal , water power sprayer insecticidal species such as Ailanthus , datura , purslane , walnuts , etc. , to be in our further research applications.
Mechanism: insects, insect , poor feeding , growth inhibition.
Control target: bollworm , aphids , diamondback moth , beet armyworm, cutworms, Pieris , potatoes ladybug , mites , leafhoppers, leafminers and a variety of whiteflies .
Preparation and use:
Aqueous extract of neem seed production : back pack sprayer Collect the neem tree fruit falls to the ground , remove the flesh , the seeds were washed on the flesh . The seeds are then stored in ventilated place, at the child when needed peeled , chopped, wrapped in a cloth soaked in a bucket within 24 hours, compared to the flooding liter 25-50g. Thus prepared extract on Pieris , melon leaf beetle and locust very effective.
The 5kg neem seed powder wrapped in a cloth inside , soak in a bucket within 12 hours after the squeeze bag , and the other with a little water to melt 10kg soap, into the barrel , stir , add water so that the liquid reaches 100L, spray can control corn borer .
Neem oil production: handmade neem oil. First seeds hulled, inside scoop mashed into a paste to brown , add a little water mass into a ball , kneading in the basin until the surface leaking oil, then beat , neem oil will drop . In this way , 1kg neem seed kernel can be refined 100-150ml Neem oil.
Neem oil with a little soapy water emulsion , diluted with water to 100-200 times can effectively control mites and planthoppers .
Botanical pesticides pest and disease prevention , ecological protection, pollution-free vegetable production preferred pharmacy, there are a large number of existing plants has bactericidal , water power sprayer insecticidal species such as Ailanthus , datura , purslane , walnuts , etc. , to be in our further research applications.
Castor in organic vegetable production application
Castor plant organs contain ricinine . There ricinine paralytic poisoning the insects produce pharmacological effects .low pressure sprayer Tanabe farm in northern China , often planted around their houses to a large number of castor lightly .
Castor leaves : castor leaf water ( leaf water ratio : 1:8 fresh leaves , dry leaves 1:50 ) and cook for 1 hour, filtered to the residue , add a small amount of soap, can Pensha caterpillar and so on.
Castor Seeds : Castor seed pounded with water ( kind of water ratio of 1:1 ) stir well , then pour a small amount of soapy water , and diluted with water to 100-150 times, can Pensha gold shells and a variety of vegetables aphids.
Castor oil cakes : castor oil cakes plus water plus soap ( ratio of 1:5:0.1 ) , impregnated , soap to the open,chemical sprayer filtered to the residue , can Pensha chafers and various vegetables aphids.
Castor Straw : The castor leaves, stalks , roots and dried crushed to 50kg per acre amount into the soil , you can control grubs hazards.
Castor leaves : castor leaf water ( leaf water ratio : 1:8 fresh leaves , dry leaves 1:50 ) and cook for 1 hour, filtered to the residue , add a small amount of soap, can Pensha caterpillar and so on.
Castor Seeds : Castor seed pounded with water ( kind of water ratio of 1:1 ) stir well , then pour a small amount of soapy water , and diluted with water to 100-150 times, can Pensha gold shells and a variety of vegetables aphids.
Castor oil cakes : castor oil cakes plus water plus soap ( ratio of 1:5:0.1 ) , impregnated , soap to the open,chemical sprayer filtered to the residue , can Pensha chafers and various vegetables aphids.
Castor Straw : The castor leaves, stalks , roots and dried crushed to 50kg per acre amount into the soil , you can control grubs hazards.
2013年11月1日星期五
Precautions to improve herbicide efficacy
Note that the right choice according to crop and weed herbicide right choice herbicides. If Tribenuron for wheat in the northern broadleaf weeds , grass weeds good effect on wheat relatively safe , but if it will be used on crops such as rapeseed fields produce injury , and even death rapeseed .
Note that the selected medication suitable period of nature according to herbicides , weeds occurred during the selected medication timing. Soil treatment medication, such as acetochlor in crops after sowing , pre-emergence weed medication, can increase efficacy ; seedling foliar treatment medication should be in before the 2-leaf stage of weeds and crop 2 leaf stage after medication. In addition, some will be affected by the level of herbicide efficacy light , temperature, soil moisture effects, such as glyphosate and other high efficacy in the sun is strong , it should choose a sunny spraying ; Chlortoluron , dicamba , etc. at 5 ℃ the following herbicidal effect is poor, it should be avoided before and after cold medication ;perfume sprayer acetochlor herbicide in the soil humidity, good effect, if the drought, irrigation or rainfall should be after the spraying.
Note pharmaceutical formulation and application techniques to improve WP watered administered , can be washed with a small amount of water to preweighed medicament into a paste, then pour the sprayer , then add the right amount of water to mix. Special small amount ( about 1 gram per acre ) , plus a small amount of water should be first dubbed Pharmacy liquor , into sprayer , add water and mix thoroughly diluted to the desired concentration . Liquid herbicides should first spray by adding a certain amount of water, then add the additional dose, and then injected into the water to be added and stirring plus side . Use clean water liquid preparation, such as glyphosate added easily mud muddy water adsorption passivation agents , reduce the efficacy. Mu water generally 30 to 45 kg is appropriate . When spraying should also pay attention to the frequency of the hand pressure sprayer , human walking speed , nozzle height remained the same ,portable sprayers and each spray pattern width to be the same , to avoid re-spray , leak spray , spraying should be careful not to let drugs fog drift to other neighboring crops .
Note mix , alternating the use of herbicides with herbicides used continuously for many years , easily lead to resistant weeds , so herbicides only mixed-use and inter-annual used interchangeably in order to achieve the purpose of long-term control of weeds .
Note that the selected medication suitable period of nature according to herbicides , weeds occurred during the selected medication timing. Soil treatment medication, such as acetochlor in crops after sowing , pre-emergence weed medication, can increase efficacy ; seedling foliar treatment medication should be in before the 2-leaf stage of weeds and crop 2 leaf stage after medication. In addition, some will be affected by the level of herbicide efficacy light , temperature, soil moisture effects, such as glyphosate and other high efficacy in the sun is strong , it should choose a sunny spraying ; Chlortoluron , dicamba , etc. at 5 ℃ the following herbicidal effect is poor, it should be avoided before and after cold medication ;perfume sprayer acetochlor herbicide in the soil humidity, good effect, if the drought, irrigation or rainfall should be after the spraying.
Note pharmaceutical formulation and application techniques to improve WP watered administered , can be washed with a small amount of water to preweighed medicament into a paste, then pour the sprayer , then add the right amount of water to mix. Special small amount ( about 1 gram per acre ) , plus a small amount of water should be first dubbed Pharmacy liquor , into sprayer , add water and mix thoroughly diluted to the desired concentration . Liquid herbicides should first spray by adding a certain amount of water, then add the additional dose, and then injected into the water to be added and stirring plus side . Use clean water liquid preparation, such as glyphosate added easily mud muddy water adsorption passivation agents , reduce the efficacy. Mu water generally 30 to 45 kg is appropriate . When spraying should also pay attention to the frequency of the hand pressure sprayer , human walking speed , nozzle height remained the same ,portable sprayers and each spray pattern width to be the same , to avoid re-spray , leak spray , spraying should be careful not to let drugs fog drift to other neighboring crops .
Note mix , alternating the use of herbicides with herbicides used continuously for many years , easily lead to resistant weeds , so herbicides only mixed-use and inter-annual used interchangeably in order to achieve the purpose of long-term control of weeds .
How to use glyphosate vegetable
Some farmers ask: " where you can use in vegetable Herbicide Glyphosate do ? " Yes, but pay special attention to the use of technology , otherwise easily cause injury to the vegetables !
Glyphosate , also known as Roundup , glyphosate , farmers' music , etc., is an organic phosphorus herbicide active ingredient glyphosate on weeds within the absorption spectrum Destuctive type herbicidal action for foliar treatment , deep- rooted perennial weeds can be killed underground parts, but you will soon encounter soil failure , for failure to weed unearthed invalid .
Use of glyphosate , the general and other weeds out of Qi , 4 to 6 leaf stage , with 10 % water 0.5 to 1 kg per acre , plus diesel oil 100 ml , add water about 20 to 30 kg , evenly spray weed stems .
Glyphosate herbicide for vegetable , vegetable garden is no vegetables should only be used when per acre with 10 % water 0.5 to 1 kg, the eradication crabgrass, annual bluegrass , Amaranthus spinosus , wild peas and other weeds . With 10% aqueous 1 to 1.5 kg , elimination nutsedge , plantain , small canadensis year, Peng and other weeds . With 10% aqueous 2 to 2.5 kg , elimination Imperata , reeds, Ploughshares grass, half bottle , dog shoots root , Pinellia and other weeds . Both on the water 60 to 75 kg, and the whole field garden sprayers spray.
On weeds by foliar application , the non- liquid contact with the vegetables and other crops , to prevent injury.
Chives to herbicides should be the day after the harvest leeks ( can not drag day medication ) , with 41% Roundup agent, based on annual weeds plots, with liquid 0.2 liters . Perennial weeds in plots with aqueous 0.3 liters of water 30 kg , the whole field spraying liquid.
Lily to herbicides , it would be flowering lily , washed with 10% aqueous 1 to 2 kg , 50 kg of water , spraying the whole field , to eradicate Imperata , Paspalum distichum , dog root buds , yellow ( purple ) Cyperus and other weeds . On lily secure.
When spraying , use 0.8 mm diameter nozzle than the commonly used 1.0 mm diameter nozzle effect. Pharmacy effective after contact with stems and leaves , knapsack sprayer spraying should be uniform , so that weeds adhesion agents.
With a lower hardness of water preparation of liquid , used to be repeated cleaning spray to avoid future injury caused by use of other crops . Not with MCPA , Gramoxone and other fast-acting herbicides mixed use . Such as glyphosate adding 0.1% detergent, or the amount added to 30 g of diesel per acre , can enhance the efficacy .
Glyphosate , also known as Roundup , glyphosate , farmers' music , etc., is an organic phosphorus herbicide active ingredient glyphosate on weeds within the absorption spectrum Destuctive type herbicidal action for foliar treatment , deep- rooted perennial weeds can be killed underground parts, but you will soon encounter soil failure , for failure to weed unearthed invalid .
Use of glyphosate , the general and other weeds out of Qi , 4 to 6 leaf stage , with 10 % water 0.5 to 1 kg per acre , plus diesel oil 100 ml , add water about 20 to 30 kg , evenly spray weed stems .
Glyphosate herbicide for vegetable , vegetable garden is no vegetables should only be used when per acre with 10 % water 0.5 to 1 kg, the eradication crabgrass, annual bluegrass , Amaranthus spinosus , wild peas and other weeds . With 10% aqueous 1 to 1.5 kg , elimination nutsedge , plantain , small canadensis year, Peng and other weeds . With 10% aqueous 2 to 2.5 kg , elimination Imperata , reeds, Ploughshares grass, half bottle , dog shoots root , Pinellia and other weeds . Both on the water 60 to 75 kg, and the whole field garden sprayers spray.
On weeds by foliar application , the non- liquid contact with the vegetables and other crops , to prevent injury.
Chives to herbicides should be the day after the harvest leeks ( can not drag day medication ) , with 41% Roundup agent, based on annual weeds plots, with liquid 0.2 liters . Perennial weeds in plots with aqueous 0.3 liters of water 30 kg , the whole field spraying liquid.
Lily to herbicides , it would be flowering lily , washed with 10% aqueous 1 to 2 kg , 50 kg of water , spraying the whole field , to eradicate Imperata , Paspalum distichum , dog root buds , yellow ( purple ) Cyperus and other weeds . On lily secure.
When spraying , use 0.8 mm diameter nozzle than the commonly used 1.0 mm diameter nozzle effect. Pharmacy effective after contact with stems and leaves , knapsack sprayer spraying should be uniform , so that weeds adhesion agents.
With a lower hardness of water preparation of liquid , used to be repeated cleaning spray to avoid future injury caused by use of other crops . Not with MCPA , Gramoxone and other fast-acting herbicides mixed use . Such as glyphosate adding 0.1% detergent, or the amount added to 30 g of diesel per acre , can enhance the efficacy .
2013年10月31日星期四
How to avoid injury occurred flowers
Although you can control the use of chemical pesticides flower pests, but improper use can easily cause flower injury, injury can generally be divided into acute injury and chronic injury. The main symptoms of leaf spots appear uniform , leaf edges curl scorch , plant growth is slow , serious and even lead to death. So be sure to strictly control the use of pesticides concentrations and doses , as found using standard doses and concentrations of pesticides can not achieve the desired results , you should replace pesticides . Not at liberty to mix pesticides in order to avoid injury.
First, the random mix pesticides : When flowers diseases, pests occur simultaneously, people usually will insecticide, fungicide mix , took two of three insecticides , and some even joined the foliage . If the same performance between several pesticides , pH value close to the chemical reaction does not occur , there is no effect on the efficacy , otherwise it will affect the efficacy of play , but also produce injury. Such as Bordeaux mixture is to use copper sulfate , lime and water prepared from suspensions, which can control a variety of fungal diseases which have an alkaline liquid , which are not commonly used pesticides , nor with lime sulfur , turpentine agent mix , otherwise it will reduce the efficacy , resulting in injury. Therefore pesticides , we must first understand their pharmacological properties , can mix the mix , then you must not mix the used alone .
Second, the spraying time , inappropriate methods : water power sprayer spraying cycle is too short in the different stages of pests and diseases , pesticide spraying the cycle length is different, generally in early stage two weeks time, the peak once a week. In fact, many difficult to kill pests , bacteria difficult to eradicate , and some growers to frequent drug use , some three days with a single , or even one day be used once , the results did not kill insects , disease did not eradicate , flowers, seedlings , it was an injury. In this case, we must strictly control the spraying cycle , otherwise injury also intractable than the pest . Should pay attention to the prevention and control of pesticides used alternately to prevent resistance to pests and pathogens , causing frequent spraying , eventually leading to injury ; Some florists in spraying pesticides , no spray to the key parts of the drug , sometimes in a a part of the residence time is too long, so a lot of syrup stranded in the leaf surface , causing injury flowers , old leaves and large this phenomenon is particularly evident on the leaves .
Third, the dispensing process is not standardized : chemical formulations are many, wettable powder, emulsion , tablets , granules , solutions, etc. , some of them can be dissolved directly forms , some can not completely dissolved. Undissolved particles suspended in solution, easy to clog the nozzles when garden pressure sprayer spraying , even smaller particles ejected from the nozzle , also remain in the leaf surface , resulting in localized plant phytotoxicity . Therefore, in dispensing , pay attention to strict accordance with procedures , different formulations of pesticides first dissolved in a small container and then transferred to a large container until completely dissolved or melted evenly and then transferred to the sprayer .
First, the random mix pesticides : When flowers diseases, pests occur simultaneously, people usually will insecticide, fungicide mix , took two of three insecticides , and some even joined the foliage . If the same performance between several pesticides , pH value close to the chemical reaction does not occur , there is no effect on the efficacy , otherwise it will affect the efficacy of play , but also produce injury. Such as Bordeaux mixture is to use copper sulfate , lime and water prepared from suspensions, which can control a variety of fungal diseases which have an alkaline liquid , which are not commonly used pesticides , nor with lime sulfur , turpentine agent mix , otherwise it will reduce the efficacy , resulting in injury. Therefore pesticides , we must first understand their pharmacological properties , can mix the mix , then you must not mix the used alone .
Second, the spraying time , inappropriate methods : water power sprayer spraying cycle is too short in the different stages of pests and diseases , pesticide spraying the cycle length is different, generally in early stage two weeks time, the peak once a week. In fact, many difficult to kill pests , bacteria difficult to eradicate , and some growers to frequent drug use , some three days with a single , or even one day be used once , the results did not kill insects , disease did not eradicate , flowers, seedlings , it was an injury. In this case, we must strictly control the spraying cycle , otherwise injury also intractable than the pest . Should pay attention to the prevention and control of pesticides used alternately to prevent resistance to pests and pathogens , causing frequent spraying , eventually leading to injury ; Some florists in spraying pesticides , no spray to the key parts of the drug , sometimes in a a part of the residence time is too long, so a lot of syrup stranded in the leaf surface , causing injury flowers , old leaves and large this phenomenon is particularly evident on the leaves .
Third, the dispensing process is not standardized : chemical formulations are many, wettable powder, emulsion , tablets , granules , solutions, etc. , some of them can be dissolved directly forms , some can not completely dissolved. Undissolved particles suspended in solution, easy to clog the nozzles when garden pressure sprayer spraying , even smaller particles ejected from the nozzle , also remain in the leaf surface , resulting in localized plant phytotoxicity . Therefore, in dispensing , pay attention to strict accordance with procedures , different formulations of pesticides first dissolved in a small container and then transferred to a large container until completely dissolved or melted evenly and then transferred to the sprayer .
Remedy rice herbicide injury
1 , re-inserted ( throwing ) seedlings : seedlings injury diagnosed confirm the severity of etiolated seedlings accounted for 8 percent , to raise seedlings immediately interpolation ( throwing ) . Methods of operation : first row Kiyota of water, light emission Cho once, then plow , then plug ( throwing ) seedlings . In recent years , seeding and plug ( throwing ) seedling season earlier than the traditional season 7-15 days . Found that the injury to the interpolation is usually 5-10 days , seasons contradictions are not prominent.
2, to strengthen management of fertilizer and cultivation : Discovery injury plots first flush has been pressure sprayer spraying the fields of water , poured fresh running water . Yun Tian Zhonggeng followed , the topsoil plunged into deep soil adsorption agents , reducing the role of pesticides on rice roots . Yun Tian Mushi after 2-3 days sleeping four kilograms of fertilizer imports , promote root leaves , accelerate growth .
3 , the application of rooting Category: drainage, Yun Tian and after fertilization , the best Mushi concentration of 200 mg / kg of rooting powder 200 kg , has a good effect on promoting root ,bottle sprayer root number increased from 25 to 40% , can be accelerated growth rate .
2, to strengthen management of fertilizer and cultivation : Discovery injury plots first flush has been pressure sprayer spraying the fields of water , poured fresh running water . Yun Tian Zhonggeng followed , the topsoil plunged into deep soil adsorption agents , reducing the role of pesticides on rice roots . Yun Tian Mushi after 2-3 days sleeping four kilograms of fertilizer imports , promote root leaves , accelerate growth .
3 , the application of rooting Category: drainage, Yun Tian and after fertilization , the best Mushi concentration of 200 mg / kg of rooting powder 200 kg , has a good effect on promoting root ,bottle sprayer root number increased from 25 to 40% , can be accelerated growth rate .
2013年10月28日星期一
Leafy use of chemical pesticides pests
Chemical control is the use of chemical pesticides for insect pest control in a way. This approach has the advantage that large-scale production of chemical pesticides can, in large scale applications, control a wide range of fast effective agricultural production has become indispensable technology insect pest control measures. However, chemical control and disadvantages, namely long-term use of chemical pesticides alone, resulting in a lot of side effects. Such as insects, bacteria developed resistance, the result control effect is getting worse; in killing bacteria, insects also kill the natural enemies of pests and beneficial animals, destruction of the ecological balance, rose to make some minor pests major pest infestation heavier; also pollutes the environment, contaminating vegetables,garden pressure sprayer a direct threat to human health, so the rational use of chemical pesticides.
1 try to use pollution-free high efficiency and low toxicity pesticides or pesticide residue such as baking soda to control powdery mildew; potassium permanganate vegetables can prevent viral diseases; thiabendazole (Turk and more) can prevent gray mold; spraying nitrogen sugar (called nutritional prevention) can control downy mildew; Ai Fuding EC can prevent root knot nematode and leaf miner, etc.; buprofezin can prevent whitefly; pirimicarb can control aphids; diflubenzuron on the 3rd, chlorfluazuron buprofezin, agriculture special dream, stuck grams and other pesticides can prevent caterpillar, diamondback moth and other pests.
(2) According to pest occurrence, hand held sprayer timely medication vegetable diseases, early onset of drug use in general, only if serious medication ineffective. Some diseases, such as gray mold, bacteria mainly infect petals, followed by the stigma, small fruit. According to the law pathogen infection, prevention and control to advance to the flowering stage, the effect is very good. Another example is the pest, generally based on the control index medication, while the Lepidoptera larvae, spraying prior to age 3, otherwise poor results.
1 try to use pollution-free high efficiency and low toxicity pesticides or pesticide residue such as baking soda to control powdery mildew; potassium permanganate vegetables can prevent viral diseases; thiabendazole (Turk and more) can prevent gray mold; spraying nitrogen sugar (called nutritional prevention) can control downy mildew; Ai Fuding EC can prevent root knot nematode and leaf miner, etc.; buprofezin can prevent whitefly; pirimicarb can control aphids; diflubenzuron on the 3rd, chlorfluazuron buprofezin, agriculture special dream, stuck grams and other pesticides can prevent caterpillar, diamondback moth and other pests.
(2) According to pest occurrence, hand held sprayer timely medication vegetable diseases, early onset of drug use in general, only if serious medication ineffective. Some diseases, such as gray mold, bacteria mainly infect petals, followed by the stigma, small fruit. According to the law pathogen infection, prevention and control to advance to the flowering stage, the effect is very good. Another example is the pest, generally based on the control index medication, while the Lepidoptera larvae, spraying prior to age 3, otherwise poor results.
Orchards using glyphosate should pay attention to several issues
Glyphosate is a highly efficient, low toxicity, broad-spectrum herbicide pollution. In recent years, with 10% glyphosate controlling weeds in orchards, and achieved good results. Started one week after using glyphosate markedly ,10-15 parts dry death on earth, a month or so underground brown rot, weed effect of 100%, a drug can reach extermination purposes. But orchards using glyphosate herbicide, should pay attention to the following questions:
1, pay attention to the quality of spraying. Herbicide Glyphosate is the contact green organizations that exert cytotoxicity. Therefore, the requirements of spray nozzles when spraying down weed liquid sprayer evenly thoughtful as close as possible to prevent spray mist drift on fruit tree branches to avoid injury. In particular, sensitive to glyphosate apricot, prone to injury, therefore, apricot using glyphosate more must be cautious.
2, note that according to weed species to determine the amount of glyphosate. Weeds to glyphosate due to various different sensitivities, so different dosage. On annual weeds such as crabgrass, pigweed, barnyardgrass, goosegrass, foxtail, etc., the amount per acre with 10% glyphosate 500-700 ml; against plantain, small canadensis, Commelina per acre you need to 800-1000 ml; against perennial weeds such as Imperata, reeds, thorns vegetables, alkali grass, etc., required to 750-1000 ml per acre. According to the above dosage, dosage watered 20-30 kg per acre for grass targeted spray can. If spraying detergent added 50 grams, 150 grams of diesel, mixed evenly sprayed herbicide force can be increased 1-3 times.
3, note that according to the different periods of medication. Suitable period of use of glyphosate in weed seed growing period prior to flowering period of time, spraying premature, because weed leaves smaller, less affected by the dose, the less weed root tissues damaged affect the herbicidal effects; spraying too late, ie reducing the herbicidal effect and the need to increase the dose and increase costs.
4, glyphosate corrosive to metal, should be kept in the storage and use of the use of plastic containers. After plastic sprayer spraying glyphosate, the sprayer must be repeatedly washed several times with alkaline water, then rinse with water, otherwise the ban to other fruit or other crops sprayed with pesticides.
1, pay attention to the quality of spraying. Herbicide Glyphosate is the contact green organizations that exert cytotoxicity. Therefore, the requirements of spray nozzles when spraying down weed liquid sprayer evenly thoughtful as close as possible to prevent spray mist drift on fruit tree branches to avoid injury. In particular, sensitive to glyphosate apricot, prone to injury, therefore, apricot using glyphosate more must be cautious.
2, note that according to weed species to determine the amount of glyphosate. Weeds to glyphosate due to various different sensitivities, so different dosage. On annual weeds such as crabgrass, pigweed, barnyardgrass, goosegrass, foxtail, etc., the amount per acre with 10% glyphosate 500-700 ml; against plantain, small canadensis, Commelina per acre you need to 800-1000 ml; against perennial weeds such as Imperata, reeds, thorns vegetables, alkali grass, etc., required to 750-1000 ml per acre. According to the above dosage, dosage watered 20-30 kg per acre for grass targeted spray can. If spraying detergent added 50 grams, 150 grams of diesel, mixed evenly sprayed herbicide force can be increased 1-3 times.
3, note that according to the different periods of medication. Suitable period of use of glyphosate in weed seed growing period prior to flowering period of time, spraying premature, because weed leaves smaller, less affected by the dose, the less weed root tissues damaged affect the herbicidal effects; spraying too late, ie reducing the herbicidal effect and the need to increase the dose and increase costs.
4, glyphosate corrosive to metal, should be kept in the storage and use of the use of plastic containers. After plastic sprayer spraying glyphosate, the sprayer must be repeatedly washed several times with alkaline water, then rinse with water, otherwise the ban to other fruit or other crops sprayed with pesticides.
2013年10月27日星期日
Catfish fish rice farming pesticide use matters
Fish in paddy fields , although the fish can eat some insects, but in order to ensure high and stable yield of rice , but also requires the use of pesticides to control rice pests . Application of pesticides in fish in rice fields , it is necessary to be effective in the control of rice pests and diseases, but also to ensure the safety of fish and reduce the pollution of the water environment . Therefore, you must do the following.
1 , the choice of high efficiency, low toxicity and residue , broad-spectrum pesticides, prohibit the use of highly toxic pesticides on fish species ; aqueous or oil should be more choice , sprayer less or no powder pesticides.
Try different kinds of pesticides used interchangeably, both preventable and resistant to pests and diseases , but also can reduce the pesticide in rice , fish residues .
Common efficiency and low toxicity pesticide residue are: trichlorfon , dimethoate , Bisultap , leafhoppers scattered Jinggangmycin , leaf blight net and so on. Toxaphene , Phenthoate , pyrethrum , rotenone , Bordeaux mixture toxicity, prohibited. Overall, the general toxicity of organophosphorus pesticides is relatively low , may be appropriate to use ; organochlorine pesticide toxicity is relatively high, as little as possible with or without .
2, according to the occurrence of rice pests and timely use of pesticides , the correct calculation of the dosage, dosage and frequency of strictly controlled .
3 , adopt comprehensive prevention and control measures , in addition to the use of chemical pesticides to control , shall promote biological and microbiological pesticides to control , in order to help protect the rice ecosystem environment, protect natural enemies of pests ,plastic sprayer reduce chemical pesticide use and residue caused by pollution. To properly grasp both the normal usage of pesticides and safe concentration for fish , so as to ensure the application of pesticides when the safety of fish .
1 , the choice of high efficiency, low toxicity and residue , broad-spectrum pesticides, prohibit the use of highly toxic pesticides on fish species ; aqueous or oil should be more choice , sprayer less or no powder pesticides.
Try different kinds of pesticides used interchangeably, both preventable and resistant to pests and diseases , but also can reduce the pesticide in rice , fish residues .
Common efficiency and low toxicity pesticide residue are: trichlorfon , dimethoate , Bisultap , leafhoppers scattered Jinggangmycin , leaf blight net and so on. Toxaphene , Phenthoate , pyrethrum , rotenone , Bordeaux mixture toxicity, prohibited. Overall, the general toxicity of organophosphorus pesticides is relatively low , may be appropriate to use ; organochlorine pesticide toxicity is relatively high, as little as possible with or without .
2, according to the occurrence of rice pests and timely use of pesticides , the correct calculation of the dosage, dosage and frequency of strictly controlled .
3 , adopt comprehensive prevention and control measures , in addition to the use of chemical pesticides to control , shall promote biological and microbiological pesticides to control , in order to help protect the rice ecosystem environment, protect natural enemies of pests ,plastic sprayer reduce chemical pesticide use and residue caused by pollution. To properly grasp both the normal usage of pesticides and safe concentration for fish , so as to ensure the application of pesticides when the safety of fish .
The use of herbicides for weed control lawn a few points
1 , learn to distinguish between several types of weeds, and generally does not commit an error in principle .
2 , the distinction between the young plateau of lawn grass , which should be used on turf herbicide .
3 , the choice of herbicide to be exact right path . Lawn weeds and weeds within the field is not the same . Farmers' fields in the weeds , because perennial farming, rarely perennial weed . Weed in the field of the main places that gutter , street , canal head , farm , rather than crop land , this must be fully recognized. The lawn, nursery , the lack of deep plowing conditions , perennial weed often occurs serious . We should recognize , lawn weed weed weed is much more complicated than that .garden sprayers Farmland weed can "fool " and we can not use the lawn , " fool" , at least just contact herbicide lawn or nursery not. But in the first year of the most vicious weeds removed through various methods after the second year was much better .
We are currently used herbicides in controlling weeds are basically annual weeds . Perennial weeds are perennial, deep roots , are generally no longer present within the range of weed herbicide . But you can take special measures individually vicious weeds . But in no case do not exceed the recommended range of herbicides used .
4 , during spraying , when selecting the right herbicide attention after "three " principle. Namely herbicides acres usage, mu against water sprayed area is established , do not arbitrarily increase or decrease , which is crucial. Under normal circumstances, do leaf processing, an acre of lawn requires 25-30 kg of liquid to spray evenly ( general agricultural sprayers two watering ) , such as using Ping wide net , elimination Wo , elimination miscellaneous, music , etc. weeding clover . However, the soil to be closed , then the dosage per unit area determine the circumstances , against the need to increase the amount of water to 50-60 kg acre lawn trigger sprayer spraying liquid to uniform ( usually watering agricultural sprayer 4 ) , otherwise it is not easy to form tight membrane, such as the use or play Ping Yue Jin Baixiu closed weeding to do .
5, the use of herbicides when soil moisture is essential. Good soil moisture to ensure herbicidal effects of drought poorly.
2 , the distinction between the young plateau of lawn grass , which should be used on turf herbicide .
3 , the choice of herbicide to be exact right path . Lawn weeds and weeds within the field is not the same . Farmers' fields in the weeds , because perennial farming, rarely perennial weed . Weed in the field of the main places that gutter , street , canal head , farm , rather than crop land , this must be fully recognized. The lawn, nursery , the lack of deep plowing conditions , perennial weed often occurs serious . We should recognize , lawn weed weed weed is much more complicated than that .garden sprayers Farmland weed can "fool " and we can not use the lawn , " fool" , at least just contact herbicide lawn or nursery not. But in the first year of the most vicious weeds removed through various methods after the second year was much better .
We are currently used herbicides in controlling weeds are basically annual weeds . Perennial weeds are perennial, deep roots , are generally no longer present within the range of weed herbicide . But you can take special measures individually vicious weeds . But in no case do not exceed the recommended range of herbicides used .
4 , during spraying , when selecting the right herbicide attention after "three " principle. Namely herbicides acres usage, mu against water sprayed area is established , do not arbitrarily increase or decrease , which is crucial. Under normal circumstances, do leaf processing, an acre of lawn requires 25-30 kg of liquid to spray evenly ( general agricultural sprayers two watering ) , such as using Ping wide net , elimination Wo , elimination miscellaneous, music , etc. weeding clover . However, the soil to be closed , then the dosage per unit area determine the circumstances , against the need to increase the amount of water to 50-60 kg acre lawn trigger sprayer spraying liquid to uniform ( usually watering agricultural sprayer 4 ) , otherwise it is not easy to form tight membrane, such as the use or play Ping Yue Jin Baixiu closed weeding to do .
5, the use of herbicides when soil moisture is essential. Good soil moisture to ensure herbicidal effects of drought poorly.
2013年10月25日星期五
Lime sulfur mixture preparation
Lime sulfur, lime sulfur mixture referred to their method of preparation are as follows :
( A ) fresh and high quality materials, lime sulfur powder 0.5 to 1 kilogram of water 1 to 2 kg 10 kg .
( 2 ) Method calcium polysulfide cooking wok must be born with a large ( tank ) or earthen pot , you can not use copper, aluminum and other containers or corrosive damage. Remove enough water initially said the proportion of part of the water used to dissolve another part lime water into the wok and heat . Fever of open pending quicklime into lime dregs filtered into the pot after pot of water level measurement mark and continue heating the water to boil and slowly thrown into sulfur powder ( or sulfur powder add a little water into a paste before slow slowly pour the boiling milk of lime homogeneous medium ) while stirring constantly . weed sprayer Note firepower should raging fire . In the cooking process continue to make up the boiled by the heat dissipated by the amount of water each time the amount of water is not too large to prevent the impact of sudden cooling liquid mass , and 15 minutes before the ceasefire to stop adding water. Also when you start cooking more 1 /3 of the water is in the middle do not add water conditions continue to cook over high heat for about 60 minutes cloudy yellow liquid from the pot into a clear dark red ( dark brown ) , dark green trash can ceasefire. Cooking time is too short or insufficient firepower of liquid waste into yellow concentration is low. Generally do not exceed the longest brewed for 1.5 hours. Cooked orange liquid cooling remove the supernatant after precipitation of calcium polysulfide liquid that was used Baume hydrometer measurement that is known concentration of this stock solution crossing .
( 3 ) the use and preservation method cooked well, liquid quality is high, the concentrations of up to 30 Baume , but in general should also be up to 20 to 26 degrees Baume . Cooking is the key to the quality of lime and sulfur powder and cooking process firepower to continue to maintain boiling. Quicklime is best to use good quality white lumpy , as with weathered lime must be increased by 30 % of the amount . The use of lime sulfur concentration must be strictly controlled according to temperature changes , otherwise easily cause defoliation , sunburn and so on. Winter garden clearance of 0.7 to 0.8 degrees Baume available in spring available 0.3 to 0.4 degrees Baume . Summer high temperature (30 ℃ above ) , the winter cold (4 ℃ less ) are not suitable for use lime sulfur . If you must use , in the hot season should be controlled at 0.2 Baume degrees or less. plastic sprayer Spraying time should be 10:00 or 15:00 before after drought periods should also be strictly controlled medication. Utensils after use must rinse .
( A ) fresh and high quality materials, lime sulfur powder 0.5 to 1 kilogram of water 1 to 2 kg 10 kg .
( 2 ) Method calcium polysulfide cooking wok must be born with a large ( tank ) or earthen pot , you can not use copper, aluminum and other containers or corrosive damage. Remove enough water initially said the proportion of part of the water used to dissolve another part lime water into the wok and heat . Fever of open pending quicklime into lime dregs filtered into the pot after pot of water level measurement mark and continue heating the water to boil and slowly thrown into sulfur powder ( or sulfur powder add a little water into a paste before slow slowly pour the boiling milk of lime homogeneous medium ) while stirring constantly . weed sprayer Note firepower should raging fire . In the cooking process continue to make up the boiled by the heat dissipated by the amount of water each time the amount of water is not too large to prevent the impact of sudden cooling liquid mass , and 15 minutes before the ceasefire to stop adding water. Also when you start cooking more 1 /3 of the water is in the middle do not add water conditions continue to cook over high heat for about 60 minutes cloudy yellow liquid from the pot into a clear dark red ( dark brown ) , dark green trash can ceasefire. Cooking time is too short or insufficient firepower of liquid waste into yellow concentration is low. Generally do not exceed the longest brewed for 1.5 hours. Cooked orange liquid cooling remove the supernatant after precipitation of calcium polysulfide liquid that was used Baume hydrometer measurement that is known concentration of this stock solution crossing .
( 3 ) the use and preservation method cooked well, liquid quality is high, the concentrations of up to 30 Baume , but in general should also be up to 20 to 26 degrees Baume . Cooking is the key to the quality of lime and sulfur powder and cooking process firepower to continue to maintain boiling. Quicklime is best to use good quality white lumpy , as with weathered lime must be increased by 30 % of the amount . The use of lime sulfur concentration must be strictly controlled according to temperature changes , otherwise easily cause defoliation , sunburn and so on. Winter garden clearance of 0.7 to 0.8 degrees Baume available in spring available 0.3 to 0.4 degrees Baume . Summer high temperature (30 ℃ above ) , the winter cold (4 ℃ less ) are not suitable for use lime sulfur . If you must use , in the hot season should be controlled at 0.2 Baume degrees or less. plastic sprayer Spraying time should be 10:00 or 15:00 before after drought periods should also be strictly controlled medication. Utensils after use must rinse .
Scientific control of soybean aphids
Soybean aphid pest commonly known as tired , honey worms. Mostly concentrated in soybeans growing point , parietal , young surface of leaf , sucking sap hazards. Cause leaf curl, dwarf plants , reducing yields , but also spread the virus disease, resulting in cuts and reduced quality . This insect six months late emergence in soybean fields , high temperature and drought when serious harm.
Soybean aphid reproductive capacity is large, a female can reproduce 50-60 , in conditions suitable cases, a small aphid after about 4-5 days to calving, year on soybean can multiply 15 generations .
Soybean aphids have four times annual migration diffusion peak ; 1st in soybean seedling stage , the second is to appear in early June , the 3rd appeared in mid-July, 4th in early September . Should generally be in early July to prevent and treat the most appropriate.
Control methods: chemical control -based, with 40% Dimethoate EC 800 times , or 40% omethoate EC 1000 times .agricultural sprayers 10% permethrin EC bromofluoroacetate 15-20 ml per 667 square meters , 50% pirimicarb WP 10 grams per 667 square meters , watered 40-50 kg spray.
Soybean pod borer prevention
Soy bean borer is a small bite bloodworms . Larvae bore into the pods , bite the tender bean pods can be eaten half granule , reducing yield and quality . This worm one generation to the old larvae overwinter in cocoons ground beans . 2nd year in late July into a pupa and moth flew pods spawning more than 7- August rainfall , soil moisture , is conducive to happen.
Control methods:
( A ) agricultural control . Selection of insect-resistant varieties, crop rotation, timely harvest , timely back yard .
( 2 ) chemical control. With 5% phorate granules 750-1000 grams mixed with soil 10 kg , 10 August , sprinkle in the field , every four ridge sprinkle a ridge , or 80% dichlorvos ,bottle sprayer 667 square meters with 100 ml each , the Baptist dipped 20 cm long sorghum or corn stalk stalk 50 every five ridges inserted a ridge , every 7-8 insert a step .
Soybean aphid reproductive capacity is large, a female can reproduce 50-60 , in conditions suitable cases, a small aphid after about 4-5 days to calving, year on soybean can multiply 15 generations .
Soybean aphids have four times annual migration diffusion peak ; 1st in soybean seedling stage , the second is to appear in early June , the 3rd appeared in mid-July, 4th in early September . Should generally be in early July to prevent and treat the most appropriate.
Control methods: chemical control -based, with 40% Dimethoate EC 800 times , or 40% omethoate EC 1000 times .agricultural sprayers 10% permethrin EC bromofluoroacetate 15-20 ml per 667 square meters , 50% pirimicarb WP 10 grams per 667 square meters , watered 40-50 kg spray.
Soybean pod borer prevention
Soy bean borer is a small bite bloodworms . Larvae bore into the pods , bite the tender bean pods can be eaten half granule , reducing yield and quality . This worm one generation to the old larvae overwinter in cocoons ground beans . 2nd year in late July into a pupa and moth flew pods spawning more than 7- August rainfall , soil moisture , is conducive to happen.
Control methods:
( A ) agricultural control . Selection of insect-resistant varieties, crop rotation, timely harvest , timely back yard .
( 2 ) chemical control. With 5% phorate granules 750-1000 grams mixed with soil 10 kg , 10 August , sprinkle in the field , every four ridge sprinkle a ridge , or 80% dichlorvos ,bottle sprayer 667 square meters with 100 ml each , the Baptist dipped 20 cm long sorghum or corn stalk stalk 50 every five ridges inserted a ridge , every 7-8 insert a step .
2013年10月24日星期四
Banana fertilizer types and fertilization methods
① fertilizer types . Banana applying fertilizer organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer of two categories.
Organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer is organic fertilizer, including human beings and livestock manure , poultry, animal waste , crop stems and dross , ash , green manure and other organic material of plants and animals , as well as river mud , pond scum , swim alluvial mud , contains a more comprehensive nutrients. After the organic fertilizer can improve the physical properties of the soil , improve soil drainage and ventilation performance increase by microbial decomposition of soil humus and nutrients. Organic fertilizer commonly used as a newly planted banana basal or early spring fertilizer, too cold fat , easily decomposed bran cake can be used as fertilizer or flower bud seedling fertilizer.
Inorganic fertilizer . Mast mostly inorganic chemical fertilizers , elemental content, can be dissolved in water or weak acid inside , easily absorbed and used bananas , fertilizer is high and fast, very easy to use . But some improper use of inorganic fertilizers can cause soil compaction or too acid or alkaline , inorganic fertilizer and organic manure , you can overcome these problems. Bananas used inorganic fertilizers , urea nitrogen fertilizer , ammonium sulfate , ammonium bicarbonate, ammonia , phosphate has superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, phosphate and phosphate powder defluorinated , Potash potassium sulfate, potassium chloride . General fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium , the ratio is generally 15:15:15 , Guangzhou Huangpu Canadian foreign plant bananas BB fertilizer production of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 1:0.2:1.33 .
② fertilization methods . There are two types of banana fertilization is rhizosphere fertilization and foliar application . In rhizosphere fertilizer -based, foliar supplement.
Rhizosphere separable liquid fertilizer facilities and dry facilities, and dry Shi was divided applicator , fertilizing and Summer .
Liquid applied . Liquid applied with a water soluble fertilizer diluted will be applied for those easily dissolved instant -use of organic fertilizer bran bread , and livestock etc. to water or human, animal urine, rotten ret only with maturity , dissolved into a paste shall immediately after applying thin soil cover . Liquid manure applied benefit is easy to contact with roots , easily absorbed without causing root , drought Shihai from irrigation effect.
Applicator . Fertilizer applicator is to sprinkle on Qimian , generally after the rainy season , when the soil is also more humid . Mostly dry soil should not dry weather applicator , if dry weather sunny Qimian applicator must first leaching ( irrigation ) wet . Applicator to spread evenly , Shi Bi best shower water once . Applicator has the advantage of saving labor, to expand the absorbing surface , quickly see the fertilizer , but the application of the loss of roots and easily hurt improper waste, especially from May to July banana root easily exposed soil , do you want to control the fertilizer according to the degree .
Fertilizing . Fertilizing in banana plants from 30 to 100 cm digging , hole depth of 15 to 23 cm ( size depending on how much fertilizer may be ) , the fertilizer into the cavity and covered with soil . Yuhan days shall be sufficiently wet to facilitate manure decomposition melt. Benefits of fertilizing is to prevent loss of fertilizer , manure hurt less, but absorption is narrow , fertilizer more slowly and spend more workers . pressure water sprayer Generally too cold for spring fertilizer and manure .
Summer . Summer in the banana plants from 30 to 100 cm 2 1 small arcuate groove , a width of 15 to 25 cm , length 35 to 50 cm, depth of 8 to 15 cm , the fertilizer is applied uniformly in the trench , and soil . Summer In addition to the benefits of fat loss and prevent injuries less fertilizer , the absorbing surface over fertilizing wide, fertilizer than fertilizing fast, but also more flower workers . Generally used for spring fertilizer, manure and too cold autumn fat , not in use from May to July , when the banana plants due to fine roots across the park and out of the ground , ditching easily hurt fine roots .
Banana foliage spray is sprayed to the foliage or fruit surface low according to the degree of liquid fertilizer. The advantage is easily foliar fertilizer leaves or fruit directly . Rapid absorption , replenish nutrition, growth and development to meet the bananas on nutrient needs, especially to the young fruit bud development stage requires a lot of nutrients through the foliage spray can replenish the nutrients it needs , to improve the yield and quality of banana plays an important role . On the other hand , foliar spraying , fruit leaven , fertilizer absorption rate can be as high as 90 %, significantly higher than the rhizosphere fertilization. However, hand pump sprayers there are shortcomings foliage spray , mainly small amount of fertilizer each time , you need to repeatedly administered , flower workers more .
Organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer is organic fertilizer, including human beings and livestock manure , poultry, animal waste , crop stems and dross , ash , green manure and other organic material of plants and animals , as well as river mud , pond scum , swim alluvial mud , contains a more comprehensive nutrients. After the organic fertilizer can improve the physical properties of the soil , improve soil drainage and ventilation performance increase by microbial decomposition of soil humus and nutrients. Organic fertilizer commonly used as a newly planted banana basal or early spring fertilizer, too cold fat , easily decomposed bran cake can be used as fertilizer or flower bud seedling fertilizer.
Inorganic fertilizer . Mast mostly inorganic chemical fertilizers , elemental content, can be dissolved in water or weak acid inside , easily absorbed and used bananas , fertilizer is high and fast, very easy to use . But some improper use of inorganic fertilizers can cause soil compaction or too acid or alkaline , inorganic fertilizer and organic manure , you can overcome these problems. Bananas used inorganic fertilizers , urea nitrogen fertilizer , ammonium sulfate , ammonium bicarbonate, ammonia , phosphate has superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, phosphate and phosphate powder defluorinated , Potash potassium sulfate, potassium chloride . General fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium , the ratio is generally 15:15:15 , Guangzhou Huangpu Canadian foreign plant bananas BB fertilizer production of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 1:0.2:1.33 .
② fertilization methods . There are two types of banana fertilization is rhizosphere fertilization and foliar application . In rhizosphere fertilizer -based, foliar supplement.
Rhizosphere separable liquid fertilizer facilities and dry facilities, and dry Shi was divided applicator , fertilizing and Summer .
Liquid applied . Liquid applied with a water soluble fertilizer diluted will be applied for those easily dissolved instant -use of organic fertilizer bran bread , and livestock etc. to water or human, animal urine, rotten ret only with maturity , dissolved into a paste shall immediately after applying thin soil cover . Liquid manure applied benefit is easy to contact with roots , easily absorbed without causing root , drought Shihai from irrigation effect.
Applicator . Fertilizer applicator is to sprinkle on Qimian , generally after the rainy season , when the soil is also more humid . Mostly dry soil should not dry weather applicator , if dry weather sunny Qimian applicator must first leaching ( irrigation ) wet . Applicator to spread evenly , Shi Bi best shower water once . Applicator has the advantage of saving labor, to expand the absorbing surface , quickly see the fertilizer , but the application of the loss of roots and easily hurt improper waste, especially from May to July banana root easily exposed soil , do you want to control the fertilizer according to the degree .
Fertilizing . Fertilizing in banana plants from 30 to 100 cm digging , hole depth of 15 to 23 cm ( size depending on how much fertilizer may be ) , the fertilizer into the cavity and covered with soil . Yuhan days shall be sufficiently wet to facilitate manure decomposition melt. Benefits of fertilizing is to prevent loss of fertilizer , manure hurt less, but absorption is narrow , fertilizer more slowly and spend more workers . pressure water sprayer Generally too cold for spring fertilizer and manure .
Summer . Summer in the banana plants from 30 to 100 cm 2 1 small arcuate groove , a width of 15 to 25 cm , length 35 to 50 cm, depth of 8 to 15 cm , the fertilizer is applied uniformly in the trench , and soil . Summer In addition to the benefits of fat loss and prevent injuries less fertilizer , the absorbing surface over fertilizing wide, fertilizer than fertilizing fast, but also more flower workers . Generally used for spring fertilizer, manure and too cold autumn fat , not in use from May to July , when the banana plants due to fine roots across the park and out of the ground , ditching easily hurt fine roots .
Banana foliage spray is sprayed to the foliage or fruit surface low according to the degree of liquid fertilizer. The advantage is easily foliar fertilizer leaves or fruit directly . Rapid absorption , replenish nutrition, growth and development to meet the bananas on nutrient needs, especially to the young fruit bud development stage requires a lot of nutrients through the foliage spray can replenish the nutrients it needs , to improve the yield and quality of banana plays an important role . On the other hand , foliar spraying , fruit leaven , fertilizer absorption rate can be as high as 90 %, significantly higher than the rhizosphere fertilization. However, hand pump sprayers there are shortcomings foliage spray , mainly small amount of fertilizer each time , you need to repeatedly administered , flower workers more .
Green banana fertilization
( 1 ) banana fertilization
According to foreign studies , fragrant banana tooth needs a year per plant nitrogen 150.5 g , 40.7 g of phosphorus , potassium and 561 g . But plants can only absorb part of fertilizer , including nitrogen fertilizer accounted for 50% ( also called only 1/ 4 ) , potassium fertilizer accounted for 50% of the amount of phosphorus fertilizer accounted for only 20% to 30% , that is, application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer , 50% to 80% loss of soil or fixed . Therefore, the amount of fertilizer should include plant uptake and loss or the total fixed two .portable power sprayer But to determine a reasonable amount of fertilizer in the Garden , have to consider the local climatic conditions. The garden soil structure and fertility , and water supply conditions, production targets ( ie, yield per unit area , single or multi -made made banana banana cultivation, newly planted or ratoon ) , planting density , species type , management level and other factors. For example, Hainan , Guangxi applied less points than fertilizer, soil potassium to be more potassium , to yield high-quality fertilizer than the average production levels must be high , hit the hole deep application is less than the applicator , and so on. The Pearl River Delta in Guangdong banana plantations . Production to reach 30,000 to 45,000 kg per hectare ( yield from 2000 to 3000 kg ) , the required amount of fertilizer per plant year 518 ~ 823 grams of nitrogen , phosphorus and 186 ~ 297 g , 750 to 1185 g of potassium .
In order to make scientific and rational fertilization , that not only meet the needs of growth and development of banana production goals and requirements, but also without much waste of fertilizer applied , it is best for banana leaf nutrient analysis and soil nutrient analysis, based on the analysis guidance fertilization, its lack of capacity how much less a reasonable supplement part .
( 2 ) the ratio of the three fertilising elements bananas
Fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of different factors will affect the banana of nitrogen, phosphorus , potassium uptake and growth . The authors Guangdong, Guangxi , Fujian, Taiwan and other provinces in recent years, bananas Fertilization experience, that to get good results fertilization , nitrogen , phosphorus and potassium ratio of the three elements of the range should be 1:0.2 to 0.5:1.1 to 2.0 To determine bananas nitrogen , phosphorus and potassium reasonable proportion of the three elements , but also do the following two points:
① must be in accordance with the garden soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content , especially potassium content varies , nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio ; soil is very rich in potassium ( exchangeable potassium reached more than 0.06% ) should be of a : 0.3 : 0.5 , potassium- rich ( exchangeable K 0.025% ~ 0.059% ) should be as 1:0.3:1 , potassium medium ( exchangeable K 0.015% ~ 0.0249% ) should be 1:0.3 : 1.1 ~ 1.3 , low potassium ( exchangeable potassium 0.0075% ~ 0.0149% ) should be as 1:0.3:1.4 ~ 1.7 , low potassium ( exchangeable potassium only 0.0075% or less) should be l: 0.3:1.8 ~ 2.0.
② must be based on bananas in different growth stages may be. Africa and Guinea , according to results of the analysis requested early bud nitrogen and potassium ratio is 1:1.35 to 1.6 , water sprayer compared with late bud 1:1.5 ~ 1.7 , exceeds or falls below the proportion of adverse banana growth and development.
According to foreign studies , fragrant banana tooth needs a year per plant nitrogen 150.5 g , 40.7 g of phosphorus , potassium and 561 g . But plants can only absorb part of fertilizer , including nitrogen fertilizer accounted for 50% ( also called only 1/ 4 ) , potassium fertilizer accounted for 50% of the amount of phosphorus fertilizer accounted for only 20% to 30% , that is, application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer , 50% to 80% loss of soil or fixed . Therefore, the amount of fertilizer should include plant uptake and loss or the total fixed two .portable power sprayer But to determine a reasonable amount of fertilizer in the Garden , have to consider the local climatic conditions. The garden soil structure and fertility , and water supply conditions, production targets ( ie, yield per unit area , single or multi -made made banana banana cultivation, newly planted or ratoon ) , planting density , species type , management level and other factors. For example, Hainan , Guangxi applied less points than fertilizer, soil potassium to be more potassium , to yield high-quality fertilizer than the average production levels must be high , hit the hole deep application is less than the applicator , and so on. The Pearl River Delta in Guangdong banana plantations . Production to reach 30,000 to 45,000 kg per hectare ( yield from 2000 to 3000 kg ) , the required amount of fertilizer per plant year 518 ~ 823 grams of nitrogen , phosphorus and 186 ~ 297 g , 750 to 1185 g of potassium .
In order to make scientific and rational fertilization , that not only meet the needs of growth and development of banana production goals and requirements, but also without much waste of fertilizer applied , it is best for banana leaf nutrient analysis and soil nutrient analysis, based on the analysis guidance fertilization, its lack of capacity how much less a reasonable supplement part .
( 2 ) the ratio of the three fertilising elements bananas
Fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of different factors will affect the banana of nitrogen, phosphorus , potassium uptake and growth . The authors Guangdong, Guangxi , Fujian, Taiwan and other provinces in recent years, bananas Fertilization experience, that to get good results fertilization , nitrogen , phosphorus and potassium ratio of the three elements of the range should be 1:0.2 to 0.5:1.1 to 2.0 To determine bananas nitrogen , phosphorus and potassium reasonable proportion of the three elements , but also do the following two points:
① must be in accordance with the garden soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content , especially potassium content varies , nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio ; soil is very rich in potassium ( exchangeable potassium reached more than 0.06% ) should be of a : 0.3 : 0.5 , potassium- rich ( exchangeable K 0.025% ~ 0.059% ) should be as 1:0.3:1 , potassium medium ( exchangeable K 0.015% ~ 0.0249% ) should be 1:0.3 : 1.1 ~ 1.3 , low potassium ( exchangeable potassium 0.0075% ~ 0.0149% ) should be as 1:0.3:1.4 ~ 1.7 , low potassium ( exchangeable potassium only 0.0075% or less) should be l: 0.3:1.8 ~ 2.0.
② must be based on bananas in different growth stages may be. Africa and Guinea , according to results of the analysis requested early bud nitrogen and potassium ratio is 1:1.35 to 1.6 , water sprayer compared with late bud 1:1.5 ~ 1.7 , exceeds or falls below the proportion of adverse banana growth and development.
2013年10月23日星期三
Magical potassium permanganate
Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidation-reduction agent , is a human and animal medicine common surgical treatment , known pp powder , the solution has a strong sterilization, disinfection and antiseptic effect. There are tests proved , with its different concentrations of solution prevention flower seedling damping-off disease and blight, downy mildew, rot , Fusarium wilt, root rot, viral diseases and other diseases , the effect is very significant. Also, it contains essential plant two kinds of manganese and potassium nutrients, can promote plant growth , can be described as dual-use pesticide and fertilizer . According to medical experts, the drug rich source of drugs , low cost , local pharmacies are sold, easy to purchase , and use of human and animal safety , non-toxic , non- crop residue, no injury, no environmental pollution . Therefore , potassium permanganate is an insecticide and fertilizer combined non-toxic, no residue, pollution-free vegetables, flowers, rare fungicides. In plant disease control aspects are:
A , control damping-off , blight Petunia , Salvia , marigold after emergence , every 7 to 10 days with a 800 to 1000 -fold ( after first dilute concentrated ) spray. According to tests, potassium permanganate seedling damping-off disease control efficiency up to 97% , the effect is significantly better than carbendazim, Zineb , PCNB , Fenaminosulf other pesticides .
Second, control downy mildew proven prevention and treatment plants with potassium permanganate downy mildew with good results , much better than chlorothalonil, zineb and other pesticides . If after emergence cineraria 2 leaves before flowering heart to 800 ~ 600 times with potassium permanganate spray 5 ~ 7 days a times, even fruit tree sprayer spray four times , which can effectively prevent the occurrence of downy mildew . If the center appears diseased , even 600 times with potassium permanganate spray three times at an interval of 5 days , to downy mildew has good control effect.
Third, control soft rot potassium permanganate can effectively control a bunch of red , snapdragon , marigold soft rot . Such as high-temperature water before sowing prepreg 1 hour , remove and then add potassium permanganate 1000 times in soaking two hours , and in the seedling stage with 800 to 600 times spraying 3 to 4 times, can effectively prevent rot , and rid downy mildew .
Fourth, the prevention and treatment of viral diseases prevention and control of plant virus diseases with potassium permanganate was significantly better than the effect of the virus A, bacteria Shenduqing other pesticides . In the early stages, with 600 to 800 times the whole plant professional backpack sprayer spray , 5 to 7 days , and even spray 3 to 4 times. If using potassium permanganate and double-effect mepiquat virus K equal mix of 800 to 1000 times , better control viral diseases can not only control the spread of viral diseases , symptoms disappear and also the plants back to life , has revived role. It should be noted combat viral diseases , before the plants carried on sucking pests prevention , to prevent insect virus transmission .
A , control damping-off , blight Petunia , Salvia , marigold after emergence , every 7 to 10 days with a 800 to 1000 -fold ( after first dilute concentrated ) spray. According to tests, potassium permanganate seedling damping-off disease control efficiency up to 97% , the effect is significantly better than carbendazim, Zineb , PCNB , Fenaminosulf other pesticides .
Second, control downy mildew proven prevention and treatment plants with potassium permanganate downy mildew with good results , much better than chlorothalonil, zineb and other pesticides . If after emergence cineraria 2 leaves before flowering heart to 800 ~ 600 times with potassium permanganate spray 5 ~ 7 days a times, even fruit tree sprayer spray four times , which can effectively prevent the occurrence of downy mildew . If the center appears diseased , even 600 times with potassium permanganate spray three times at an interval of 5 days , to downy mildew has good control effect.
Third, control soft rot potassium permanganate can effectively control a bunch of red , snapdragon , marigold soft rot . Such as high-temperature water before sowing prepreg 1 hour , remove and then add potassium permanganate 1000 times in soaking two hours , and in the seedling stage with 800 to 600 times spraying 3 to 4 times, can effectively prevent rot , and rid downy mildew .
Fourth, the prevention and treatment of viral diseases prevention and control of plant virus diseases with potassium permanganate was significantly better than the effect of the virus A, bacteria Shenduqing other pesticides . In the early stages, with 600 to 800 times the whole plant professional backpack sprayer spray , 5 to 7 days , and even spray 3 to 4 times. If using potassium permanganate and double-effect mepiquat virus K equal mix of 800 to 1000 times , better control viral diseases can not only control the spread of viral diseases , symptoms disappear and also the plants back to life , has revived role. It should be noted combat viral diseases , before the plants carried on sucking pests prevention , to prevent insect virus transmission .
Improved spraying method can improve the efficacy
In recent years, more and more serious greenhouse vegetable pests , farmers spraying and heavier , but many farmers do not reflect the increasing use of pesticides effects ideal. Recently, the reporter in the interview process , deliberately took a look at the way farmers spraying found in farmers when spraying is not standardized , affecting the efficacy of the play .
A large droplet spray. Reporters observed in a number of the shed , out of the sprayer is large droplets Pharmacy , this garden pressure sprayer spraying method would lead to uneven spray , particularly those affecting pharmaceutical tag of the control effect . Large liquid droplet spray is also easy to cause the loss of plants low to waste even more serious . Therefore, we should choose a good spray atomization performance , the use of spray holes tablets, uniform spray .
(2) When spraying , the body in front of "the" shape swinging spray. Spraying the front of the body , often in front of spray finished drugs, farmers have sprayed drugs in the environment continue to work, likely to cause pesticide poisoning. In addition , spraying herbicides closed easily when sprayed uneven Tacai will artificially broken ring membrane , reducing the control effect. Sprayer should be changed right in front of " the" word of lateral swing " the" word swing.
3 does not distinguish between types of sprayers are direct " target " crops. Different aerosol spraying should be a difference , not a pattern. Generally, manual sprayers can be direct " target " approach spraying. The motorized sprayer in order to fully play its atomization effect, the characteristics of high efficiency , should be 20 cm above the crop spraying is appropriate.
4 spraying liquid dripping from the leaves . Reporter observe some drugs just sprayed leaves , found that many liquid dripping from the leaves , and some dripping directly on the ground , so that the liquid on the blade effective dose reduction is not only difficult to play efficacy, but also cause a lot of pesticide waste . Therefore , the job should be sprayed evenly to minimize flower sprayer spray residence time, reduce the liquid dripping down from the leaves to improve efficacy.
A large droplet spray. Reporters observed in a number of the shed , out of the sprayer is large droplets Pharmacy , this garden pressure sprayer spraying method would lead to uneven spray , particularly those affecting pharmaceutical tag of the control effect . Large liquid droplet spray is also easy to cause the loss of plants low to waste even more serious . Therefore, we should choose a good spray atomization performance , the use of spray holes tablets, uniform spray .
(2) When spraying , the body in front of "the" shape swinging spray. Spraying the front of the body , often in front of spray finished drugs, farmers have sprayed drugs in the environment continue to work, likely to cause pesticide poisoning. In addition , spraying herbicides closed easily when sprayed uneven Tacai will artificially broken ring membrane , reducing the control effect. Sprayer should be changed right in front of " the" word of lateral swing " the" word swing.
3 does not distinguish between types of sprayers are direct " target " crops. Different aerosol spraying should be a difference , not a pattern. Generally, manual sprayers can be direct " target " approach spraying. The motorized sprayer in order to fully play its atomization effect, the characteristics of high efficiency , should be 20 cm above the crop spraying is appropriate.
4 spraying liquid dripping from the leaves . Reporter observe some drugs just sprayed leaves , found that many liquid dripping from the leaves , and some dripping directly on the ground , so that the liquid on the blade effective dose reduction is not only difficult to play efficacy, but also cause a lot of pesticide waste . Therefore , the job should be sprayed evenly to minimize flower sprayer spray residence time, reduce the liquid dripping down from the leaves to improve efficacy.
2013年10月22日星期二
Weeds cause of relapse and Countermeasures
In the actual process of chemical weed control , there is a part of the plots is not completely dead grass , weeds recurrence. If the area is small, less weed , it can be considered a normal phenomenon . Because the weeding process will inevitably occur leak spray , light spray of the phenomenon , while in the weed communities will inevitably be part of the emergence of resistant weeds , chemical weed control is not 100 percent results. But if there is a large area of recurrence , they should pay attention to it. After years of observation the author concluded that the presence of weeds recurrence following reasons :
1 , herbicides too quick result , only wheat as an example: if one is leaf tag azole grass herbicide , weed fast when weed is only slightly above the ground to kill the majority of blades, and miscellaneous dead grass and roots growing point , easy to relapse.
2 , herbicide solution concentration is too high, also caused rapid killing blades, undead roots phenomenon.
3 , too little water spraying , spray uneven. Based on the investigation , at the same herbicide doses acres knapsack sprayer sprayed a bucket of water ( about 15 kg ) , the recurrence rate than acres sprayed three buckets of water 20% higher .
Responses: 1 , quick and slow-acting herbicide solution reasonable ratio problem . Such as: Tribenuron + Fluoroglycofen ether formulations , if Fluoroglycofen ether the amount of acres more than 20 ml ( 10% EC ) , the speed of 3-5 days dead grass , weeds on tribenuron absorption and conduction decline , weeds easy to relapse .
Therefore, we can control the dead grass in 7-10 days time , thus reducing the recurrence of weeds , proved tribenuron + Fluoroglycofen ether formulations to 10% tribenuron 12-15 g +10% Fluoroglycofen ether 8 ml is appropriate.
2 , improve the quality of manual sprayer spraying , and strive to have , thoroughly. Spraying directly affects the quality of the herbicidal effect , require the use of manual sprayers spraying , mu liquid volume of not less than 30 kg , to ensure that no re-spray , spray does not leak .
1 , herbicides too quick result , only wheat as an example: if one is leaf tag azole grass herbicide , weed fast when weed is only slightly above the ground to kill the majority of blades, and miscellaneous dead grass and roots growing point , easy to relapse.
2 , herbicide solution concentration is too high, also caused rapid killing blades, undead roots phenomenon.
3 , too little water spraying , spray uneven. Based on the investigation , at the same herbicide doses acres knapsack sprayer sprayed a bucket of water ( about 15 kg ) , the recurrence rate than acres sprayed three buckets of water 20% higher .
Responses: 1 , quick and slow-acting herbicide solution reasonable ratio problem . Such as: Tribenuron + Fluoroglycofen ether formulations , if Fluoroglycofen ether the amount of acres more than 20 ml ( 10% EC ) , the speed of 3-5 days dead grass , weeds on tribenuron absorption and conduction decline , weeds easy to relapse .
Therefore, we can control the dead grass in 7-10 days time , thus reducing the recurrence of weeds , proved tribenuron + Fluoroglycofen ether formulations to 10% tribenuron 12-15 g +10% Fluoroglycofen ether 8 ml is appropriate.
2 , improve the quality of manual sprayer spraying , and strive to have , thoroughly. Spraying directly affects the quality of the herbicidal effect , require the use of manual sprayers spraying , mu liquid volume of not less than 30 kg , to ensure that no re-spray , spray does not leak .
You can choose according to herbicide weed species
Plant Protection Station , Jiangsu Province , according to survey data , the local weed has 15 families and 27 species of heavy damage to wheat are: A.aequalis hard grass , bluegrass ,bottle sprayer wild oats, ryegrass , cleavers , Fan branches, vetch , shepherd's purse, sophia , speedwell , buddha seat, Euphorbia , pure rice chestnut , Cephalanoplos and reed . We can simply put these weeds and broadleaf weeds are divided into two major categories of weeds .
Control weeds can choose: Chlortoluron , isoproturon , acetochlor, fenoxaprop , metsulfuron methyl , etc. . Because different weed populations sensitive to these different responses herbicides , therefore the choice of the medicine should be further refined.
Such as: to see the wheat straw, wild oat -based plots , you can choose fenoxaprop be controlling . Alkyne oxalic acid spectrum herbicide fenoxaprop slightly wider than some , better than weeding Fenoxaprop , 4-6 grams per acre effective content in the case of controlling before winter ryegrass , hard difficult to control grass weeds ; chlorotoluron and isoproturon can effectively control the majority of annual grass weeds and some broadleaf weeds , especially isoproturon wheat variety is still the current controlling weeds preferred pharmacy .
Broadleaf weeds in wheat fields more types of herbicides is also more appropriate , it should be selected according to the specific weed communities .
Currently registered broadleaf weeds in wheat herbicide varieties: tribenuron , thifensulfuron , Bensulfuron , A , chlorsulfuron ( because A , chlorsulfuron in PH> 7 slow decomposition in soil residual injury heavier, dry area north of the Yangtze disabled ) MCPA ,2.4-D butyl ester , fluroxypyr , Fluoroglycofen ethers, ketones azole grass , grass amine sulfonamide double fluoride . Tribenuron which is still headed varieties , knapsack power sprayer in order to expand the spectrum herbicide , improve the speed and weeding weeding effect , often using complex methods . Such as controlling cleavers , speedwell , sophia , shepherd's purse , etc. Optional: tribenuron + Fluoroglycofen ether ; grass tribenuron + yl ketone ; chlorofluorocarbons than Acetic Acid + MCPA and so on.
Control in Noe stork, Mak public , Vetch , chickweed , etc. Optional: fluroxypyr + MCPA ; azole metribuzin + MCPA and so on.
There are three yuan compounding agents such as azole oxadiazon + tribenuron + MCPA can basically controlling broadleaf weeds in wheat fields in all .
Control weeds can choose: Chlortoluron , isoproturon , acetochlor, fenoxaprop , metsulfuron methyl , etc. . Because different weed populations sensitive to these different responses herbicides , therefore the choice of the medicine should be further refined.
Such as: to see the wheat straw, wild oat -based plots , you can choose fenoxaprop be controlling . Alkyne oxalic acid spectrum herbicide fenoxaprop slightly wider than some , better than weeding Fenoxaprop , 4-6 grams per acre effective content in the case of controlling before winter ryegrass , hard difficult to control grass weeds ; chlorotoluron and isoproturon can effectively control the majority of annual grass weeds and some broadleaf weeds , especially isoproturon wheat variety is still the current controlling weeds preferred pharmacy .
Broadleaf weeds in wheat fields more types of herbicides is also more appropriate , it should be selected according to the specific weed communities .
Currently registered broadleaf weeds in wheat herbicide varieties: tribenuron , thifensulfuron , Bensulfuron , A , chlorsulfuron ( because A , chlorsulfuron in PH> 7 slow decomposition in soil residual injury heavier, dry area north of the Yangtze disabled ) MCPA ,2.4-D butyl ester , fluroxypyr , Fluoroglycofen ethers, ketones azole grass , grass amine sulfonamide double fluoride . Tribenuron which is still headed varieties , knapsack power sprayer in order to expand the spectrum herbicide , improve the speed and weeding weeding effect , often using complex methods . Such as controlling cleavers , speedwell , sophia , shepherd's purse , etc. Optional: tribenuron + Fluoroglycofen ether ; grass tribenuron + yl ketone ; chlorofluorocarbons than Acetic Acid + MCPA and so on.
Control in Noe stork, Mak public , Vetch , chickweed , etc. Optional: fluroxypyr + MCPA ; azole metribuzin + MCPA and so on.
There are three yuan compounding agents such as azole oxadiazon + tribenuron + MCPA can basically controlling broadleaf weeds in wheat fields in all .
2013年10月9日星期三
Timely medication selected Equipments
"Now the general pesticide application than Equipments Equipments applied internationally to lag behind the developed fifty to six years , some leaking farm sprayers , the effective utilization rate of less than 30% ." July 5 , the Provincial Agriculture Department of Plant Protection Station Division is responsible for pesticide Xu Xiang believes that application of the backwardness and method of application Equipments improper influence pesticide application efficiency is an important reason . He told reporters , effective pesticide should note the following aspects:
In the application of pesticides , the first response to disease buy drugs , and preferred efficiency and low toxicity of the " green" bio- pesticides. Three certificates to recognize when consumers can not blindly follow the sales presentation , with particular attention to not use state explicitly proposed in 2007 prohibiting the use of five highly toxic pesticides : methamidophos , parathion , methyl sulfide phosphorus, monocrotophos and thiamine .
After selecting a symptomatic drugs , the application of technology is also very important, application methods and timing should be carried out in strict accordance with the technical requirements , or will be less than the best efficacy, and directly affects the agricultural effective.
Should choose good quality pesticide household sprayer spraying equipment , spraying should also note that according to the technical requirements . Special attention to encounter the following situations , it can not be sprayed : Wind in 3 above ; Summer 11:00 to 15:00 between the ( temperature above 32 ℃ ) ; application personnel did not wear protective clothing , no when wearing a mask .
In the application of pesticides , the first response to disease buy drugs , and preferred efficiency and low toxicity of the " green" bio- pesticides. Three certificates to recognize when consumers can not blindly follow the sales presentation , with particular attention to not use state explicitly proposed in 2007 prohibiting the use of five highly toxic pesticides : methamidophos , parathion , methyl sulfide phosphorus, monocrotophos and thiamine .
After selecting a symptomatic drugs , the application of technology is also very important, application methods and timing should be carried out in strict accordance with the technical requirements , or will be less than the best efficacy, and directly affects the agricultural effective.
Should choose good quality pesticide household sprayer spraying equipment , spraying should also note that according to the technical requirements . Special attention to encounter the following situations , it can not be sprayed : Wind in 3 above ; Summer 11:00 to 15:00 between the ( temperature above 32 ℃ ) ; application personnel did not wear protective clothing , no when wearing a mask .
Three whisk microemulsion Applied Technology
Leafroller is the province most important pest of rice every year from June to August of rice caused great harm ; common efficient, highly toxic pesticide methamidophos, has recently been a nationwide ban on the sale and use of select efficient , low-cost pesticides is a priority. Fipronil ( fipronil ) is replaced by the ideal pesticide methamidophos control leaf roller one , but higher prices alone , long-term high-dose continuous use, easy to produce pest resistant . Three whisk microemulsion is a low content of fipronil and triazophos complex products , the two drugs after complex , with significant synergies and fipronil than single low cost. The relevant application technology are described below:
First, the product features.garden sprayers 31% three whisk microemulsion in Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Hunan , Hubei, Shanghai and other places large scale applications . Leaf Roller prevention trials , demonstration that not only young leaffolder have a good effect , but also serious damage roll bud 3-4 age leafroller control effect prominent , anti- efficiency of up to 90 % or more. The product is microemulsion , it also has strong adhesion , can firmly adhered to the blade solution , can greatly improve the utilization rate of pesticide active ingredients , to reduce the impact of pesticides on the environment .
Second, the use . 1 , leaf roller is migratory pests, master control period is the key. Young larvae should generally be in the peak of the volume beginning bud worm medication . 2 per acre with 50-60 ml water 30-50 kg , with mist sprayer or motorized machine Rice Leaf fine spray , the better.
Third, pay attention : 1 , not with alkaline pesticides , fertilizer mix. 2 , highly toxic to bees , do not close beekeeping honey paddy fields, orchards, vegetable and non- registered use on nectar plants . 3, the product of shrimp , crabs and some fish, highly toxic ,backpack water sprayer non- field water discharged into the rivers, lakes , canals and ponds and other water sources . Sugar cane , corn, sorghum sensitive strictly prohibited. 4 , the product is organic phosphorus compound preparations. If ingested poisoning should be immediately sent to hospital for medical treatment, gastric lavage can also be inserted into the tube , there can be symptoms of organophosphate poisoning antidote atropine , phenobarbital, drugs can relieve symptoms of Fipronil .
First, the product features.garden sprayers 31% three whisk microemulsion in Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Hunan , Hubei, Shanghai and other places large scale applications . Leaf Roller prevention trials , demonstration that not only young leaffolder have a good effect , but also serious damage roll bud 3-4 age leafroller control effect prominent , anti- efficiency of up to 90 % or more. The product is microemulsion , it also has strong adhesion , can firmly adhered to the blade solution , can greatly improve the utilization rate of pesticide active ingredients , to reduce the impact of pesticides on the environment .
Second, the use . 1 , leaf roller is migratory pests, master control period is the key. Young larvae should generally be in the peak of the volume beginning bud worm medication . 2 per acre with 50-60 ml water 30-50 kg , with mist sprayer or motorized machine Rice Leaf fine spray , the better.
Third, pay attention : 1 , not with alkaline pesticides , fertilizer mix. 2 , highly toxic to bees , do not close beekeeping honey paddy fields, orchards, vegetable and non- registered use on nectar plants . 3, the product of shrimp , crabs and some fish, highly toxic ,backpack water sprayer non- field water discharged into the rivers, lakes , canals and ponds and other water sources . Sugar cane , corn, sorghum sensitive strictly prohibited. 4 , the product is organic phosphorus compound preparations. If ingested poisoning should be immediately sent to hospital for medical treatment, gastric lavage can also be inserted into the tube , there can be symptoms of organophosphate poisoning antidote atropine , phenobarbital, drugs can relieve symptoms of Fipronil .
2013年10月8日星期二
Maturing cotton should be the proper use of ethylene ripening
Cotton in the country north and south , generally spring cotton in late August to early September into boll maturity. This year's cotton production , due to the low temperature, rain and other weather effects , resulting in a large area of cotton planting seedling late spring , budding , flowering perennial postponement than 7 to 10 days , is expected to cotton boll maturity will be delayed more than a week . Coupled with an increased proportion intercropping cotton , cotton intercropping most easily greedy green late . Therefore, this year cotton late management , promoting premature measures is particularly important.
Years of practice shows that the proper use of ethylene ripening late-maturing cotton , is a simple, increase production for good measure . After spraying ethephon to early cotton boll opening 7 to 10 days , before frost rate increased by 10 % to 20% , an increase of 6.4% ~ 10.2% , increase from 30 to 50 yuan per mu . And ripening of cotton , but also help Xiacha crops such as wheat sowing and increase the yield . But Ethephon is a " double-edged sword ", if used improperly, not only can not increase production, they cause reduced production and yields . Therefore , we must master the use of technology ethephon , so proper use , in order to achieve the desired results.
Correct choice of farm sprayers spraying cotton . To select the greedy green late -and post -onset strong cotton , mainly cotton intercropping , after the onset of summer sowing cotton and intensity of hybridization cotton. If you choose more than 80% of the boll boll stage in the cotton fields of 40 to 45 days , the effect will be particularly good spraying . For the development of normal mature cotton , especially those with premature aging trend cotton , not spraying ethephon, otherwise it will cause premature cotton blight caused by reduced production and yields decline . For breeding cotton fields , shall not be sprayed with ethephon, if spraying , seed maturity will lead to decreased germination germination rate decreased.
Correctly grasp the suitability of spraying period. How effective spraying ethephon , closely related to temperature . Because ethephon temperature must be higher than 20 ℃ or more to decompose releasing vinyl , so after spraying cotton , requiring daily maximum temperature above 20 ℃ need about 15 days to receive a good spraying results. According to this principle requires , in northern cotton spraying time , should be in the 20 days before frost withered ; cotton-growing areas in the south of the plastic sprayer spraying time , mainly based on the subject boll boll stage and pull stalk deadline , usually before pulling stalk 15 to 20 days is appropriate. Concrete spraying time , the need to utilize local conditions . In normal years , China's Huang-Huai Region , should be in the Oct. 5 after spraying ; Yangtze River valley , in the October 15 to 20, spraying is more appropriate.
Years of practice shows that the proper use of ethylene ripening late-maturing cotton , is a simple, increase production for good measure . After spraying ethephon to early cotton boll opening 7 to 10 days , before frost rate increased by 10 % to 20% , an increase of 6.4% ~ 10.2% , increase from 30 to 50 yuan per mu . And ripening of cotton , but also help Xiacha crops such as wheat sowing and increase the yield . But Ethephon is a " double-edged sword ", if used improperly, not only can not increase production, they cause reduced production and yields . Therefore , we must master the use of technology ethephon , so proper use , in order to achieve the desired results.
Correct choice of farm sprayers spraying cotton . To select the greedy green late -and post -onset strong cotton , mainly cotton intercropping , after the onset of summer sowing cotton and intensity of hybridization cotton. If you choose more than 80% of the boll boll stage in the cotton fields of 40 to 45 days , the effect will be particularly good spraying . For the development of normal mature cotton , especially those with premature aging trend cotton , not spraying ethephon, otherwise it will cause premature cotton blight caused by reduced production and yields decline . For breeding cotton fields , shall not be sprayed with ethephon, if spraying , seed maturity will lead to decreased germination germination rate decreased.
Correctly grasp the suitability of spraying period. How effective spraying ethephon , closely related to temperature . Because ethephon temperature must be higher than 20 ℃ or more to decompose releasing vinyl , so after spraying cotton , requiring daily maximum temperature above 20 ℃ need about 15 days to receive a good spraying results. According to this principle requires , in northern cotton spraying time , should be in the 20 days before frost withered ; cotton-growing areas in the south of the plastic sprayer spraying time , mainly based on the subject boll boll stage and pull stalk deadline , usually before pulling stalk 15 to 20 days is appropriate. Concrete spraying time , the need to utilize local conditions . In normal years , China's Huang-Huai Region , should be in the Oct. 5 after spraying ; Yangtze River valley , in the October 15 to 20, spraying is more appropriate.
Allowing farmers to master the scientific method of application
Application techniques to carry out extensive training , so that farmers master the scientific method of application
Adopted a hydraulic sprayer atomization , high pressure liquid through a small orifice in the rear , to go through more than 30 cm distance to be able to completely atomized , so when spraying pesticides , must maintain the distance between the nozzle and the crop
30 cm above the surface to avoid the backpack pressure sprayer nozzle close to the crop . When using spray nozzle cone fog job, should be changed about the direction of advancement of bilateral "Z" shaped cross spray habit while taking downwind side "Z" shaped spray application personnel to ensure that the area where no drugs area. At the same time , should be gradually replaced with a fan nozzle cone fog mist nozzles, spray take unilateral parallel advance method to improve the uniformity of the distribution of pesticides . Sprayer takes the pneumatic atomization , the farther away from the nozzle , droplet finer spray rate in the general level of more than 8 meters . Spraying pesticides , to take full advantage of its effective spray rate , spray taking drift superposition method to improve the efficiency and control efficiency , avoid targeted spray. Operations, shall determine the nozzle pointing direction ( spit ) , machine hand to the routes ( strike ) and field operations in the order ( starting from ) principle, so spit as consistent as possible with the wind , and wind machine hand to be vertical , if skewed, machine hand can be adapted to their body slightly oblique , not wind operations. From downwind start operations to ensure work area is free of pesticides zone. According to the control object and crop pests and diseases at different growth stages as well as parts of flexibility nozzle height and angle . Currently, the majority of farmers commonly used around the forward direction intersecting pressure sprayer spray method , spray width is reduced , the formation of turbulence , resulting droplet distribution is uneven, but the entire operating environment filled with pesticides are very vulnerable to pesticide poisoning people , should be changed as soon as possible and avoid .
Adopted a hydraulic sprayer atomization , high pressure liquid through a small orifice in the rear , to go through more than 30 cm distance to be able to completely atomized , so when spraying pesticides , must maintain the distance between the nozzle and the crop
30 cm above the surface to avoid the backpack pressure sprayer nozzle close to the crop . When using spray nozzle cone fog job, should be changed about the direction of advancement of bilateral "Z" shaped cross spray habit while taking downwind side "Z" shaped spray application personnel to ensure that the area where no drugs area. At the same time , should be gradually replaced with a fan nozzle cone fog mist nozzles, spray take unilateral parallel advance method to improve the uniformity of the distribution of pesticides . Sprayer takes the pneumatic atomization , the farther away from the nozzle , droplet finer spray rate in the general level of more than 8 meters . Spraying pesticides , to take full advantage of its effective spray rate , spray taking drift superposition method to improve the efficiency and control efficiency , avoid targeted spray. Operations, shall determine the nozzle pointing direction ( spit ) , machine hand to the routes ( strike ) and field operations in the order ( starting from ) principle, so spit as consistent as possible with the wind , and wind machine hand to be vertical , if skewed, machine hand can be adapted to their body slightly oblique , not wind operations. From downwind start operations to ensure work area is free of pesticides zone. According to the control object and crop pests and diseases at different growth stages as well as parts of flexibility nozzle height and angle . Currently, the majority of farmers commonly used around the forward direction intersecting pressure sprayer spray method , spray width is reduced , the formation of turbulence , resulting droplet distribution is uneven, but the entire operating environment filled with pesticides are very vulnerable to pesticide poisoning people , should be changed as soon as possible and avoid .
2013年10月7日星期一
To de-worming medication safety counterpart flowers
In actual production , flowers , like other crops are also vulnerable to a variety of pest infestation . Flowers in the fight against pests , such as insects according to different mouthparts symptomatic spraying , to improve the control effect will be of great benefit.
Chewing mouthparts of insects , such as yellow slug , the day suddenly caterpillars, beetle daisy , leaf miner , grubs , black cutworm , mole crickets, flies and other species , damage flowers , the principal cause floral tissue mechanical damage. Leaf feeding pests such as flowers , leaves often cause defects , and even leaves eaten ; eats flowers, stems , fruits and seeds of pest infestation drill into its internal organization , often caused by holes in the surface , the formation of worms in the internal tract ( such as chrysanthemum beetles, bees , etc. rose stems ) ; farm sprayer lurking in leaf epidermal between feeding pests leaves left in the serpentine road insects , often the leaves wither , caducous ; feeding after sowing seed , seedling roots , corms , bulbs and tubers and other flowers underground pests , often caused Deficiency or seedling lodging, and even whole dead . Flowers in the fight against chewing insects , the stomach may be the preferred toxic pesticides , the most commonly used agents have trichlorfon , sodium fluoride , etc. The absorption of chemical agents such as monocrotophos, omethoate and other chewing mouthparts and has a good killing effect .
For sucking mouthparts , which feeding method is to use the mouth needle into flower leaves, flowers, shoots , stems and other tissues , drawing juice. Flower shape suffer no mechanical damage , only parts of the formation in the victim faded spots, or cause tissue malformations ( such as wrinkled leaves , leaf , galls , etc. ) , common pests sucking mouthparts scale insects, aphids, thrips , whiteflies , mites and other insects. In the fight against sucking mouthparts damage , the drug of choice is a systemic insecticide , such as omethoate , monocrotophos , carbofuran and so on. Contact toxicity of insecticides such as malathion , phoxim , cypermethrin ,home garden sprayer deltamethrin and other pests on flowers and has a good control effect. It should be noted that the prevention of gastric toxicity of pesticides on flower sucking mouthparts pests largely ineffective .
Chewing mouthparts of insects , such as yellow slug , the day suddenly caterpillars, beetle daisy , leaf miner , grubs , black cutworm , mole crickets, flies and other species , damage flowers , the principal cause floral tissue mechanical damage. Leaf feeding pests such as flowers , leaves often cause defects , and even leaves eaten ; eats flowers, stems , fruits and seeds of pest infestation drill into its internal organization , often caused by holes in the surface , the formation of worms in the internal tract ( such as chrysanthemum beetles, bees , etc. rose stems ) ; farm sprayer lurking in leaf epidermal between feeding pests leaves left in the serpentine road insects , often the leaves wither , caducous ; feeding after sowing seed , seedling roots , corms , bulbs and tubers and other flowers underground pests , often caused Deficiency or seedling lodging, and even whole dead . Flowers in the fight against chewing insects , the stomach may be the preferred toxic pesticides , the most commonly used agents have trichlorfon , sodium fluoride , etc. The absorption of chemical agents such as monocrotophos, omethoate and other chewing mouthparts and has a good killing effect .
For sucking mouthparts , which feeding method is to use the mouth needle into flower leaves, flowers, shoots , stems and other tissues , drawing juice. Flower shape suffer no mechanical damage , only parts of the formation in the victim faded spots, or cause tissue malformations ( such as wrinkled leaves , leaf , galls , etc. ) , common pests sucking mouthparts scale insects, aphids, thrips , whiteflies , mites and other insects. In the fight against sucking mouthparts damage , the drug of choice is a systemic insecticide , such as omethoate , monocrotophos , carbofuran and so on. Contact toxicity of insecticides such as malathion , phoxim , cypermethrin ,home garden sprayer deltamethrin and other pests on flowers and has a good control effect. It should be noted that the prevention of gastric toxicity of pesticides on flower sucking mouthparts pests largely ineffective .
Flower medication safety technology encyclopedia
As modern urban pollution , people floral ornaments also raised safety drug safety requirements , the following describes ten kinds of flowers medication safety tips :
First, observe rules safe use of pesticides
In floriculture , the prohibition of the use of pesticides are: methamidophos, methyl parathion , back pack sprayers parathion, monocrotophos, ammonium phosphate , BHC , DDT, toxaphene , DBCP , chlordimeform , dibromoethane , nitrofen , aldrin, dieldrin, mercury preparations , arsenic , lead, enemy withered double fluoroacetamide , Gan fluorine, tetramine , sodium fluoroacetate , rat poisoning silicon.
Second, take safety precautions
Application personnel must do the required safety precautions to prevent poisoning. Remaining chemical and pesticide application equipment cleaning fluid , should focus on the safe handling, not free spill. Does not allow re-use empty containers should be properly collected and treated empty containers , empty containers will be marked safe storage ,backpack weed sprayers or centralized treatment.
Discarded and expired pesticides , according to the relevant regulations must not be casually discarded , so as not to produce injury flowers , or to livestock poisoning .
First, observe rules safe use of pesticides
In floriculture , the prohibition of the use of pesticides are: methamidophos, methyl parathion , back pack sprayers parathion, monocrotophos, ammonium phosphate , BHC , DDT, toxaphene , DBCP , chlordimeform , dibromoethane , nitrofen , aldrin, dieldrin, mercury preparations , arsenic , lead, enemy withered double fluoroacetamide , Gan fluorine, tetramine , sodium fluoroacetate , rat poisoning silicon.
Second, take safety precautions
Application personnel must do the required safety precautions to prevent poisoning. Remaining chemical and pesticide application equipment cleaning fluid , should focus on the safe handling, not free spill. Does not allow re-use empty containers should be properly collected and treated empty containers , empty containers will be marked safe storage ,backpack weed sprayers or centralized treatment.
Discarded and expired pesticides , according to the relevant regulations must not be casually discarded , so as not to produce injury flowers , or to livestock poisoning .
2013年9月26日星期四
Application Method
Choose the best application time . For closed herbicides , be sure to use before weeds sprout , once weeds grow , increase resistance , weeding poor results. For foliar herbicides should grasp % 26ldquo; except early, in addition to a small % 26rdquo; principle. Weed plant age the greater the resistance will be. In a normal year , about 90% emergence of weeds , weed seedlings organize young , drug resistance is weak , easily killed. In the daily average temperature is above 10 ℃ , use of herbicides recommended dosage limit , will be able to obtain more than 95% of the control effect . Early seedling stage is appropriate poison indigenous ; sensitive to herbicides fast growing period , with particular caution ; seedling hardening of seedlings although some resistance , but most of the weeds have matured , application plays a minor role .
Flexibility dosage. Seedling resistance to herbicides is a certain limit , it can not arbitrarily increase the dosage . In addition, different resistance of different seedlings should be strictly in accordance with product instructions . In general, the dosage of coniferous species can be bigger, broadleaf species dosage should be smaller. The same seedling varieties resistant to certain agents will increase with increasing seedling age , the dosage can be increased accordingly , such as controlling pine, fir nursery weeds can acre with 23.5% of the fruit Seoul EC 50 ml single-use , or 23.5% of the fruit Seoul EC 30 ml plus 50% acetochlor EC l00 ml mix. If used for hardwood species nursery , the dosage should be reduced appropriately. For annual weeds , use the recommended dosage can be. For perennial weed ,hand pump sprayers perennial weeds , you need to appropriately increase the dosage.
Note that when spraying temperature and soil moisture . Temperature directly affects the efficacy of the herbicide . For example MCPA , 2,4% 26mdash; D below 10 ℃ pesticide efficacy poor , 10 ℃ or more pesticide efficacy do. Herbicides fast off spirits , although the ultimate effect of superstar not affected by temperature , but at low temperatures 10% 26mdash; 20 days after the exhibit herbicidal effects . All herbicides should be sprayed on a sunny day when the temperature is high , in order to give full play to efficacy. Whether growing seedlings before soil treatment or foliar spraying , soil moisture are important factors affecting the level of efficacy . Seedlings before spraying, if the surface soil humidity, easy to form a tight seal to kill drug layer of soil and weed seeds germinate unearthed fast, so anti -efficient . Growing application , if the soil is moist ,perfume sprayer vigorous weed growth , which will help the absorption of weeds and weed control agents operate in the body , so the efficacy of play quickly, weeding effect.
Flexibility dosage. Seedling resistance to herbicides is a certain limit , it can not arbitrarily increase the dosage . In addition, different resistance of different seedlings should be strictly in accordance with product instructions . In general, the dosage of coniferous species can be bigger, broadleaf species dosage should be smaller. The same seedling varieties resistant to certain agents will increase with increasing seedling age , the dosage can be increased accordingly , such as controlling pine, fir nursery weeds can acre with 23.5% of the fruit Seoul EC 50 ml single-use , or 23.5% of the fruit Seoul EC 30 ml plus 50% acetochlor EC l00 ml mix. If used for hardwood species nursery , the dosage should be reduced appropriately. For annual weeds , use the recommended dosage can be. For perennial weed ,hand pump sprayers perennial weeds , you need to appropriately increase the dosage.
Note that when spraying temperature and soil moisture . Temperature directly affects the efficacy of the herbicide . For example MCPA , 2,4% 26mdash; D below 10 ℃ pesticide efficacy poor , 10 ℃ or more pesticide efficacy do. Herbicides fast off spirits , although the ultimate effect of superstar not affected by temperature , but at low temperatures 10% 26mdash; 20 days after the exhibit herbicidal effects . All herbicides should be sprayed on a sunny day when the temperature is high , in order to give full play to efficacy. Whether growing seedlings before soil treatment or foliar spraying , soil moisture are important factors affecting the level of efficacy . Seedlings before spraying, if the surface soil humidity, easy to form a tight seal to kill drug layer of soil and weed seeds germinate unearthed fast, so anti -efficient . Growing application , if the soil is moist ,perfume sprayer vigorous weed growth , which will help the absorption of weeds and weed control agents operate in the body , so the efficacy of play quickly, weeding effect.
The use of bio- pesticides technical points
Pollution-free agricultural production has become the development direction of agricultural production . Agricultural products in the production process, the use of biological pesticides to control pests and diseases have attracted worldwide attention. Currently , bio-pesticides in food, vegetables, fruit trees, flowers , widely used . However,backpack garden sprayers due to the effect of biological pesticide use is affected by many factors. In practical applications, there are a series of problems . The scientific use of biological pesticides should make maximum use of favorable factors, to overcome and avoid disadvantages. In use should pay attention to the following points.
First, choose a different control objects according to different varieties of pesticides currently producing bio-pesticides are insecticides, fungicides and use of microbial products made on behalf } antibiotic insecticides, fungicides and other types. In the practical application of biological pesticides . Many people on the nature of biological pesticides are not completely understood, mistaken biological insecticide, fungicide can prevent all diseases , pests , rather than indiscriminate widespread use , it will not only not receive the desired effects , but also delays Prevention period. Highly selective biological drugs , such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) effective prevention and treatment of Lepidoptera larvae , but not leafhopper Homoptera pathogenicity , and different varieties of Bacillus thuringiensis based on several important pests effect there are differences . Further , according to the characteristics of different types of pest feeding biological pesticides, such as insects of Lepidoptera Bt good results, will be distributed in plants after spraying the surface , or touch the feeding insects dead bacteria , but the sap sucking insects ( such as aphids , mites ) invalid, and avermectin mites killing effect is very good. Therefore, for different types of pests targeted selection of suitable varieties of bio-pesticides .
Two , according to the control object and conditions of the appropriate choice of bio- pesticide formulations of biological control effects often associated with pesticide formulations and is closely related to the use of technology , when used according to the control object , meteorological conditions and the use of time, the right to select the appropriate dosage forms , in order to achieve the best control effect. Such as powders can make use of air buoyancy and wind dispersed in a wider range , hand sprayers and thus have a greater exposure and pests ; For a large amount of leaf-eating pests such as Pieris water can be dubbed the WP suspension spray method was better than well, while the use of dusting method less effective. Capsules release the result is not only longer . Pathogens but also to protect them from environmental factors. Applicator can be used in greenhouses .
Third, based on different control objects determine the appropriate period of pest control is the role of biological pesticides object , for different types and characteristics of pests, biological pesticide use different methods. There are several different insect life, developmental stages , various developmental stages of different resistance to biocides . Therefore, understanding the developmental stage in which the pests , prevention and treatment is essential . For example, Pieris life can be divided into egg, larva, pupa and adult four developmental stages , egg in egg shells to protect , there pupa pupal stage protection, old larvae has a thick waxy layer of protection , while adults can winged flying. Therefore, only select young larvae make medicine. To give full play to the effect of biological pesticides .
First, choose a different control objects according to different varieties of pesticides currently producing bio-pesticides are insecticides, fungicides and use of microbial products made on behalf } antibiotic insecticides, fungicides and other types. In the practical application of biological pesticides . Many people on the nature of biological pesticides are not completely understood, mistaken biological insecticide, fungicide can prevent all diseases , pests , rather than indiscriminate widespread use , it will not only not receive the desired effects , but also delays Prevention period. Highly selective biological drugs , such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) effective prevention and treatment of Lepidoptera larvae , but not leafhopper Homoptera pathogenicity , and different varieties of Bacillus thuringiensis based on several important pests effect there are differences . Further , according to the characteristics of different types of pest feeding biological pesticides, such as insects of Lepidoptera Bt good results, will be distributed in plants after spraying the surface , or touch the feeding insects dead bacteria , but the sap sucking insects ( such as aphids , mites ) invalid, and avermectin mites killing effect is very good. Therefore, for different types of pests targeted selection of suitable varieties of bio-pesticides .
Two , according to the control object and conditions of the appropriate choice of bio- pesticide formulations of biological control effects often associated with pesticide formulations and is closely related to the use of technology , when used according to the control object , meteorological conditions and the use of time, the right to select the appropriate dosage forms , in order to achieve the best control effect. Such as powders can make use of air buoyancy and wind dispersed in a wider range , hand sprayers and thus have a greater exposure and pests ; For a large amount of leaf-eating pests such as Pieris water can be dubbed the WP suspension spray method was better than well, while the use of dusting method less effective. Capsules release the result is not only longer . Pathogens but also to protect them from environmental factors. Applicator can be used in greenhouses .
Third, based on different control objects determine the appropriate period of pest control is the role of biological pesticides object , for different types and characteristics of pests, biological pesticide use different methods. There are several different insect life, developmental stages , various developmental stages of different resistance to biocides . Therefore, understanding the developmental stage in which the pests , prevention and treatment is essential . For example, Pieris life can be divided into egg, larva, pupa and adult four developmental stages , egg in egg shells to protect , there pupa pupal stage protection, old larvae has a thick waxy layer of protection , while adults can winged flying. Therefore, only select young larvae make medicine. To give full play to the effect of biological pesticides .
2013年9月25日星期三
Pesticide use aircraft can also help
Aircraft spraying method . Pesticides with aircraft , powders , granules , baits and other withdrawal uniformly applied within the target area of application methods , also known as air spraying method . It is the effect of the highest application methods for contiguous planting crops , orchards, forests, grasslands, locust breeding plots of wasteland and beach etc. agricultural sprayers spraying . For the aircraft spraying pesticide formulations are powders , wettable powders, water dispersible granules , suspensions, dry suspensions, emulsifiable concentrates, liquid, oil , granules and the like . As particles drift severe dusting aircraft , has been rarely used , even in the morning dusting should also be operating under steady flow conditions , aircraft ground powder powder powder for a little thicker than some . Can be dubbed to water suspension formulations for high- volume spray , when mixed with other formulations are required to prevent particles flocculation . May be formulated for water cream emulsion dosage forms and for high capacity and low volume spray , for low- volume spraying may be added in the amount of spray solution of urea , potassium phosphate dioxide to reduce the droplet evaporation. ULV spray oil directly to its flash point not less than 70 ℃.
Aircraft spraying pesticides, available capacity and ULV low ; low volume spray spray volume of 10-50 l / ha ; ultra low volume spray spray volume of l ~ 5 l / ha ; General required droplet coverage density of 20 / cm 2 or more. Aerial spraying of fungicide tag type , generally use high-volume spray , spray volume of 50 liters / ha or more ; spraying fungicides can be low-volume spray , spray volume of 20 to 50 l / ha. Aerial backpack sprayers spraying of herbicides, usually low-volume sprays, spray volume of 10 to 50 l / ha , the use of wettable powder and 40 to 50 l / ha . Aircraft applicator rodenticides, generally in the forest and grassland Shi bait or poison pill .
Aircraft spraying operation time , usually half an hour after sunrise and half an hour before sunset , as the conditions are ripe , but also night operations. Job wind: Dusting is not greater than 3 m / s, spray or spray particulate agent is not greater than 4 m / sec, sprinkle granules of not more than 6 m / s. Flight altitude and effective spray cap varies by model .
Aircraft spraying pesticides, available capacity and ULV low ; low volume spray spray volume of 10-50 l / ha ; ultra low volume spray spray volume of l ~ 5 l / ha ; General required droplet coverage density of 20 / cm 2 or more. Aerial spraying of fungicide tag type , generally use high-volume spray , spray volume of 50 liters / ha or more ; spraying fungicides can be low-volume spray , spray volume of 20 to 50 l / ha. Aerial backpack sprayers spraying of herbicides, usually low-volume sprays, spray volume of 10 to 50 l / ha , the use of wettable powder and 40 to 50 l / ha . Aircraft applicator rodenticides, generally in the forest and grassland Shi bait or poison pill .
Aircraft spraying operation time , usually half an hour after sunrise and half an hour before sunset , as the conditions are ripe , but also night operations. Job wind: Dusting is not greater than 3 m / s, spray or spray particulate agent is not greater than 4 m / sec, sprinkle granules of not more than 6 m / s. Flight altitude and effective spray cap varies by model .
Around the use of these pesticides
Soil treatment . Sprinkle with pesticides or green manure crops in the soil surface , followed by plowing buried , or agents in plant roots ditching applicator or poured to kill or inhibit soil pests . For example, with 2.5% trichlorfon powder 2 to 2.5 kg dry mixing 25 grams of fine soil , sprinkle on the green manure , sprinkle with plowing with the prevention and treatment of black cutworm is very effective , hand pump sprayers and if the per acre with 3% carbofuran granules dry agent 1.5 to 2 grams of corn , soybeans and sugarcane rhizosphere ditching applicator can effectively combat these crops on a variety of pests .
Fumigation . Toxic gases using agents , in a closed condition, to eliminate the Gelechiidae warehousing grain cotton , bean weevil , Tribolium castaneum , pink and so on. For example, methyl bromide fumigation of grain, cotton seed , beans and other winter positions per 1,000 cubic meters solid dosage is 30 kg , fumigation three days time . Summer fumigation dosage may be less, time can be shorter. Also in the field fumigation method can also be used , such as poison rods made with dichlorvos twigs cast on cotton ,manual sprayer it can be smoked to kill boll of some pests.
Fumigation . Toxic gases using agents , in a closed condition, to eliminate the Gelechiidae warehousing grain cotton , bean weevil , Tribolium castaneum , pink and so on. For example, methyl bromide fumigation of grain, cotton seed , beans and other winter positions per 1,000 cubic meters solid dosage is 30 kg , fumigation three days time . Summer fumigation dosage may be less, time can be shorter. Also in the field fumigation method can also be used , such as poison rods made with dichlorvos twigs cast on cotton ,manual sprayer it can be smoked to kill boll of some pests.
2013年9月24日星期二
Herbicide injury occurrence and control
With the continuous development of China's agricultural science and technology , herbicides in agricultural production more widely , herbicide injury also was gradually expanded and worsening trend ,irrigation sprayer the main manifestations of herbicide injury recessive injury, drug residues damage and dominant injury.
So how can both make use of herbicides and crops from harm? To this end, the Far East Pesticides Co., Ltd. , Henan researchers in the party under the leadership of Mr. Winfield , and domestic and foreign experts, after five years of research finally found a way to solve the herbicide injury and residual hazardous substances, and named it " Nai ." With Hounai An worked in Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Heilongjiang and other provinces to promote large-scale demonstration , two time trial area of nearly 2000 hectares , completely solve the weed problem without stimulation and injury .
Nai is the only broad-spectrum herbicide safener , Nai in different crops and a variety of commonly used herbicides , without affecting the herbicidal effect at the same time , the body can effectively relieve crop and soil herbicide residues , prevention and lifting and residual herbicide injury hazards. Unlike Nai fertilizer and conditioning agent which is capable of adsorbing and decomposition of soil and crop herbicide residues in the body , professional backpack sprayer to solve herbicide injury . Currently Nai has applied for national invention patent and obtain high-tech product certificate to fill the domestic blank , scientific and technological content reached the international advanced level.
So how can both make use of herbicides and crops from harm? To this end, the Far East Pesticides Co., Ltd. , Henan researchers in the party under the leadership of Mr. Winfield , and domestic and foreign experts, after five years of research finally found a way to solve the herbicide injury and residual hazardous substances, and named it " Nai ." With Hounai An worked in Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Heilongjiang and other provinces to promote large-scale demonstration , two time trial area of nearly 2000 hectares , completely solve the weed problem without stimulation and injury .
Nai is the only broad-spectrum herbicide safener , Nai in different crops and a variety of commonly used herbicides , without affecting the herbicidal effect at the same time , the body can effectively relieve crop and soil herbicide residues , prevention and lifting and residual herbicide injury hazards. Unlike Nai fertilizer and conditioning agent which is capable of adsorbing and decomposition of soil and crop herbicide residues in the body , professional backpack sprayer to solve herbicide injury . Currently Nai has applied for national invention patent and obtain high-tech product certificate to fill the domestic blank , scientific and technological content reached the international advanced level.
Chinese herbal medicine production on how rational use of pesticides
( A ) a reasonable choice under control object pesticide varieties of medicinal plants used pesticides are an important means of pest control . More types of pesticides , pest species selection should be based on appropriate pesticides, insecticides such as trichlorfon, generally chewing mouthparts pests such as cabbage worm , but not on aphids, scale insects and other pests sucking mouthparts almost ineffective . Fungicides should choose the right species, such as seed disinfection is generally used in a broad spectrum fungicide , and prevention and control of foliar fungal diseases can choose multiple Yin Ling , thiophanate-methyl and other pesticides , control downy mildew should choose Switzerland toxic mold and other bacteria to algae sensitive to pesticides. In Chinese herbal pest control , promoting the use of biological pesticides, such as Bt, agricultural antibiotic 120 , diflubenzuron , such as nicotine .
( 2 ) alternate use of pesticides and pesticide use reasonable mix principle is not the same kind of long-term use of pesticides to control the same pests, but should be used interchangeably but different mechanism of action similar to pesticide control object . Also need to mix different pesticides can reach rid variety of pests and diseases, to avoid pest resistance , to extend the life of new pesticides . Mixing should pay attention not produce antagonism between pesticides or degradation , agricultural sprayers do not use a significant increase in drug mix formula. Mix dispensing should be first two pesticides formulations according to the respective dosage or concentration of weighing , respectively, diluted with a little water , and then mixed with each other after a stir, add water to the required concentration . Mixtures of pesticides should now with the current , not long home .
( 3 ) Select the appropriate use of pesticides during application of pesticides is the right time to effectively control pests and diseases , protecting beneficial organisms , an important way to avoid pesticide residues , do pay attention to field observations , in order to grasp the pest dynamics. The basis for determining optimum control period are: master pest Sheng period and in the best interest of anti- insect instar stage combat ; pest infestation and easy , damage the reproductive stage ; non- predators sensitive period ; safe interval , ie at harvest prohibited within a certain time interval before the medication, it is important to note .
( 4 ) the use of pesticides during the safety precautions required to wear rubber gloves when dispensing , dosage should be strictly in accordance with the provisions dose weighing, mixing drugs prohibited by hand ; Yaojibanzhong when you use tools to use with the mix, sprinkle hands or on-demand drug kind of protective gloves should be worn when , leftover vestiges kind should be promptly destroyed ; Pharmaceuticals, dressing site should be away from water and place of residence ; interlaced when using manual sprayers spray liquid in the bucket can not be filled too full , strong winds and high temperatures do not spray medicine ; promptly cleaned after spraying
and Sheng Guo packaging .
( 2 ) alternate use of pesticides and pesticide use reasonable mix principle is not the same kind of long-term use of pesticides to control the same pests, but should be used interchangeably but different mechanism of action similar to pesticide control object . Also need to mix different pesticides can reach rid variety of pests and diseases, to avoid pest resistance , to extend the life of new pesticides . Mixing should pay attention not produce antagonism between pesticides or degradation , agricultural sprayers do not use a significant increase in drug mix formula. Mix dispensing should be first two pesticides formulations according to the respective dosage or concentration of weighing , respectively, diluted with a little water , and then mixed with each other after a stir, add water to the required concentration . Mixtures of pesticides should now with the current , not long home .
( 3 ) Select the appropriate use of pesticides during application of pesticides is the right time to effectively control pests and diseases , protecting beneficial organisms , an important way to avoid pesticide residues , do pay attention to field observations , in order to grasp the pest dynamics. The basis for determining optimum control period are: master pest Sheng period and in the best interest of anti- insect instar stage combat ; pest infestation and easy , damage the reproductive stage ; non- predators sensitive period ; safe interval , ie at harvest prohibited within a certain time interval before the medication, it is important to note .
( 4 ) the use of pesticides during the safety precautions required to wear rubber gloves when dispensing , dosage should be strictly in accordance with the provisions dose weighing, mixing drugs prohibited by hand ; Yaojibanzhong when you use tools to use with the mix, sprinkle hands or on-demand drug kind of protective gloves should be worn when , leftover vestiges kind should be promptly destroyed ; Pharmaceuticals, dressing site should be away from water and place of residence ; interlaced when using manual sprayers spray liquid in the bucket can not be filled too full , strong winds and high temperatures do not spray medicine ; promptly cleaned after spraying
| garden pressure sprayers |
Nicosulfuron injury remedies
Generally , the corn itself is strong resistance , nicosulfuron a slight phytotoxicity , without treatment, only temporarily inhibited growth of corn , can be restored after a period of time , does not affect the production.
If severe injury , need to be addressed , we can use the following measures:
Even detox in a smoke -ethyl injury has occurred or will occur , to take early measures to detox . On the initial injury on corn plants that can be used 3-5 times spray equipment wash water spray pesticide residues on plants .
2 strengthen field management ( 1 ) pouring enough water , prompting a lot of corn roots absorb water to reduce the concentration of the herbicide plant body , relieve injury.
( 2 ) appropriate to increase the depth and frequency of hoeing , enhance soil aeration , and promote beneficial soil microbial activity , accelerate the decomposition of soil nutrients , enhance maize root under water and nutrient absorption capacity, so as soon as possible to restore normal maize plants growth and development.
( 3 ) spraying large cloud -120 ( natural brassinolide ) diluted 1500 -fold or GA plus 1 % urea aqueous solution or spiritual harm , leaf treasure diluted 500 times in the morning or evening dew dry with low pressure sprayer to spray both sides of the blade , and promote normal growth of plants , in order to effectively reduce injury .
( 4 ) the injury occurred corn plots should be combined with water , increasing livestock manure composting facilities , ammonium bicarbonate , ammonium nitrate, urea and other fast-acting fertilizer to promote root development and regeneration , restoring victims corn physiology to reduce tobacco ethyl phytotoxicity to corn damage. But also foliar hand pump sprayers of 1% -2 % urea or 0.2 % -0.3 % potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or Huimanfeng 60-800 times, resume normal growth favorable for corn .
Should also actively controlling other corn pests, in order to improve the ability of maize to resist injury . However, if the injury caused by the cornfields too heavy , these measures can not relieve victims extent, you can only take one or switching to other crops destroyed to avoid greater losses. Seven days before and after use can not be used organophosphate pesticides , dry weather , be sure to increase the amount of use , increased amount of detergent , washing powder is a good adhesion agent. First watering after application .
If severe injury , need to be addressed , we can use the following measures:
Even detox in a smoke -ethyl injury has occurred or will occur , to take early measures to detox . On the initial injury on corn plants that can be used 3-5 times spray equipment wash water spray pesticide residues on plants .
2 strengthen field management ( 1 ) pouring enough water , prompting a lot of corn roots absorb water to reduce the concentration of the herbicide plant body , relieve injury.
( 2 ) appropriate to increase the depth and frequency of hoeing , enhance soil aeration , and promote beneficial soil microbial activity , accelerate the decomposition of soil nutrients , enhance maize root under water and nutrient absorption capacity, so as soon as possible to restore normal maize plants growth and development.
( 3 ) spraying large cloud -120 ( natural brassinolide ) diluted 1500 -fold or GA plus 1 % urea aqueous solution or spiritual harm , leaf treasure diluted 500 times in the morning or evening dew dry with low pressure sprayer to spray both sides of the blade , and promote normal growth of plants , in order to effectively reduce injury .
( 4 ) the injury occurred corn plots should be combined with water , increasing livestock manure composting facilities , ammonium bicarbonate , ammonium nitrate, urea and other fast-acting fertilizer to promote root development and regeneration , restoring victims corn physiology to reduce tobacco ethyl phytotoxicity to corn damage. But also foliar hand pump sprayers of 1% -2 % urea or 0.2 % -0.3 % potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or Huimanfeng 60-800 times, resume normal growth favorable for corn .
Should also actively controlling other corn pests, in order to improve the ability of maize to resist injury . However, if the injury caused by the cornfields too heavy , these measures can not relieve victims extent, you can only take one or switching to other crops destroyed to avoid greater losses. Seven days before and after use can not be used organophosphate pesticides , dry weather , be sure to increase the amount of use , increased amount of detergent , washing powder is a good adhesion agent. First watering after application .
2013年9月21日星期六
Safe use of pesticides and technical training held in Xiangxi
June 7 , "science and technology to the countryside cum- technical training activities safe use of pesticides ," held in Guzhang County , the Ministry of Agriculture experts , the Provincial Agriculture Office of the relevant departments , the state party committee, deputy governor Xie Jianhua , deputy state government inspector Huwan Feng participate in activities.
"As of this year the Ministry of Agriculture for farmers to do practical things work embodied , the event aims to popularize knowledge of safe and rational use of pesticides to help farmers improve medication safety standards , and effectively help farmers solve some outstanding problems in agricultural production for local rural Western economic development and farmers to provide effective support . " Ministry of Agriculture , director Zhangyan Qiu told reporters .
According to reports, the event is organized by the Ministry of Agriculture , the Provincial Agriculture Department , the state government sponsored . Training focus on prevention and control of crop pests and green model , pesticide safety and practical techniques grassroots development and farmers medication safety technology and other aspects . Topics include: the popularization of pesticide laws and regulations as well as the rational use of pesticides and technical knowledge ;agricultural sprayer knowledge of the safe use of pesticides on-site consultation , dispatch of science and technology books as well as biological pesticides and low toxicity pesticides samples ; build green tea pest prevention and control standards Demonstration Garden , gift insecticidal lamps , sprayers and yellow plates and other materials , expert on-site guidance tea pest control techniques ; establish safe use of pesticides monitoring points, Distinguished local personnel tea demonstration garden for one-year technical guidance and other activities.
"We have 5,000 acres and build autonomous green tea integrated pest prevention and control of plant protection demonstration garden , giving 55 units projected insecticidal lamps , 50 sprayers and 3000 insect-catching yellow plate , the establishment of safe use of pesticides monitoring points, hire experts for guidance , the purpose is to let you accurately identify counterfeit pesticides , scientific selection of quality pesticides, safe and rational use of pesticides . " Zhangyan Qiu said that in order to ensure the effectiveness of training activities , the Ministry of Agriculture also carefully prepared a technical manual pesticide safety , pesticide application 100 ask other professional books 3000 , 60,000 copies of promotional materials for farmers and friends to read to share .
It is known to the event as a starting point , the Ministry of Agriculture will be in Hebei,hand pressure sprayer Shaanxi and other places on the grassroots technicians and farmers to carry out the safe use of pesticides and knowledge training and demonstration activities .
"As of this year the Ministry of Agriculture for farmers to do practical things work embodied , the event aims to popularize knowledge of safe and rational use of pesticides to help farmers improve medication safety standards , and effectively help farmers solve some outstanding problems in agricultural production for local rural Western economic development and farmers to provide effective support . " Ministry of Agriculture , director Zhangyan Qiu told reporters .
According to reports, the event is organized by the Ministry of Agriculture , the Provincial Agriculture Department , the state government sponsored . Training focus on prevention and control of crop pests and green model , pesticide safety and practical techniques grassroots development and farmers medication safety technology and other aspects . Topics include: the popularization of pesticide laws and regulations as well as the rational use of pesticides and technical knowledge ;agricultural sprayer knowledge of the safe use of pesticides on-site consultation , dispatch of science and technology books as well as biological pesticides and low toxicity pesticides samples ; build green tea pest prevention and control standards Demonstration Garden , gift insecticidal lamps , sprayers and yellow plates and other materials , expert on-site guidance tea pest control techniques ; establish safe use of pesticides monitoring points, Distinguished local personnel tea demonstration garden for one-year technical guidance and other activities.
"We have 5,000 acres and build autonomous green tea integrated pest prevention and control of plant protection demonstration garden , giving 55 units projected insecticidal lamps , 50 sprayers and 3000 insect-catching yellow plate , the establishment of safe use of pesticides monitoring points, hire experts for guidance , the purpose is to let you accurately identify counterfeit pesticides , scientific selection of quality pesticides, safe and rational use of pesticides . " Zhangyan Qiu said that in order to ensure the effectiveness of training activities , the Ministry of Agriculture also carefully prepared a technical manual pesticide safety , pesticide application 100 ask other professional books 3000 , 60,000 copies of promotional materials for farmers and friends to read to share .
It is known to the event as a starting point , the Ministry of Agriculture will be in Hebei,hand pressure sprayer Shaanxi and other places on the grassroots technicians and farmers to carry out the safe use of pesticides and knowledge training and demonstration activities .
Rice herbicide injury also do encounter
To strengthen the management and cultivator fertilizer plots for injury occurred , first emptying the fields of water has been sprayed , poured fresh running water . Yun Tian Zhonggeng followed ,bottle plastic sprayer the topsoil plunged into deep soil adsorption agents , reducing the role of pesticides on rice roots . Yun Tian after 2 ~ 3d, 121 per acre application of fertilizer into 2 ~ 4kg, can promote root leaves , accelerate growth .
Applying rooting powder drainage, Yun Tian and after fertilization , preferably Mushi 200mg/kg rooting agent ABT200kg, has a good effect on promoting root , root number increased 25% to 40 %, can accelerate the growth rate .
Interpolation serious injury was diagnosed confirm seedlings , yellowing rate of 80 % or more,knapsack sprayer to raise seedlings immediately interpolation . Methods of operation : first row Kiyota water, light plowing a second before discharge Cho , then plug, throwing .
Applying rooting powder drainage, Yun Tian and after fertilization , preferably Mushi 200mg/kg rooting agent ABT200kg, has a good effect on promoting root , root number increased 25% to 40 %, can accelerate the growth rate .
Interpolation serious injury was diagnosed confirm seedlings , yellowing rate of 80 % or more,knapsack sprayer to raise seedlings immediately interpolation . Methods of operation : first row Kiyota water, light plowing a second before discharge Cho , then plug, throwing .
Paddy herbicide injury causes and treatment
The whole rice growth period , would suffer a variety of grass pest hazards, in order to reduce production losses , had to use pesticides to control pests , but in the course of medication , due to improper use , often resulting in injury , affecting the normal growth of rice , light who retired green leaves yellow , brown spots , banana leaf ; severe slow growth, plant death , causing output to fall. Injury caused yield losses sometimes more than the losses caused by pests is also large, and too much pesticide residue will affect human health.
In recent years, paddy herbicide injury caused by improper use of more and more , threatening the growth of rice , rice and even lead to death . According to recent years of field observations and refer to relevant reports and literature on paddy herbicide injury causes, diagnosis, prevention and remedial analyzed and discussed in order to provide the basis for the control of herbicide injury .
A herbicide injury causes
1.1 pesticides
1.1.1
Physical and chemical properties of pesticides . In general, the pesticide on crops have certain physiological effects , such as oil , powders and the like to plug the pores and cause leaf injury ; copper preparations , preparations such as arsenic , copper sulfate, calcium arsenate , sprayed on plant leaves , so that the agents penetrate the plant tissue and produce injury.
1.1.2
Pesticide quality . Use of poor quality, impurities or deterioration of pesticides , easy to cause injury, such as rice seedling Butachlor used as mixed with more impurities such as alachlor , rice seedlings can cause serious injury. Some improper storage of pesticides , storage for a long time , causing the EC layered , liquid precipitation, powder, wettable powder deliquescence caking , not only directly affect the efficacy , can lead to injury produce .
1.1.3
Mixture. Between pesticide mix properly, can also cause injury. Such as rice administered propanil control barnyardgrass not to hurt rice , because rice contains amide hydrolase biodegradable propanil , but propanil and dimethoate, carbaryl and other pesticides , the rice plants by the amide hydrolase inhibition , causing phytotoxicity to paddy rice .
1.1.4 solution concentration . Dose and the use of pesticides sprayed plants withstand concentrations exceed the standard , will hinder plant growth , resulting in injury and even kill the plant .
1.1.5 spraying times. Re-spray and even spray can also cause injury.
1.1.6 application methods . Application methods have a certain relationship with the injury , hand held sprayer such as rice using Butachlor when foliage spray applicator than the toxic soil mix prone to injury.
1.2 crops
1.2.1
Crop species and varieties. For each pesticide various crops showed different patterns of resistance and sensitivity . Such as rice germ on thiram , carbendazim and other pesticides are resistant , while kitazine sensitive .
1.2.2
Crop growth period . Different growth stages of crops sensitive to insecticides reaction differs greatly . Such as rice Bud Valley , seedling and jointing using MCPA , prone to injury , and in the seedling to tillering stage 4 leaves after spraying MCPA future growth of late , there is strong resistance to rice .
1.2.3 plant parts . Between the various parts of the crop 's susceptibility to insecticides quite different . Generally resistant to strong stem , buds , leaves prone to injury.
1.2.4 crop . Crops can cause debilitating injury . In the rice transplanting process, such as turning green seedlings still in the use of herbicides , but also easy to cause injury.
1.3 Environmental aspects
1.3.1
Temperature . Temperature directly affects the level of pesticide activity is also related to the safety of pesticide on crops . Spraying in high temperature environments ,liquid sprayer because of high activity of pesticides , which led some pesticide phytotoxicity .
1.3.2
Humidity and rainfall . Humidity is too large , too much water can cause injury. Such as rice seedling is not flat, the lower water after sowing, pre-emergence application nitrofen , low-lying valley will dry bud bud seedlings died . Honda initially applied Oxadiazon , if large flooded seedlings, can also cause injury. Similarly , water retention is poor, too little moisture paddy fields , the application of such herbicide molinate , liquid penetrate into the roots of the rice-growing is not safe.
In recent years, paddy herbicide injury caused by improper use of more and more , threatening the growth of rice , rice and even lead to death . According to recent years of field observations and refer to relevant reports and literature on paddy herbicide injury causes, diagnosis, prevention and remedial analyzed and discussed in order to provide the basis for the control of herbicide injury .
A herbicide injury causes
1.1 pesticides
1.1.1
Physical and chemical properties of pesticides . In general, the pesticide on crops have certain physiological effects , such as oil , powders and the like to plug the pores and cause leaf injury ; copper preparations , preparations such as arsenic , copper sulfate, calcium arsenate , sprayed on plant leaves , so that the agents penetrate the plant tissue and produce injury.
1.1.2
Pesticide quality . Use of poor quality, impurities or deterioration of pesticides , easy to cause injury, such as rice seedling Butachlor used as mixed with more impurities such as alachlor , rice seedlings can cause serious injury. Some improper storage of pesticides , storage for a long time , causing the EC layered , liquid precipitation, powder, wettable powder deliquescence caking , not only directly affect the efficacy , can lead to injury produce .
1.1.3
Mixture. Between pesticide mix properly, can also cause injury. Such as rice administered propanil control barnyardgrass not to hurt rice , because rice contains amide hydrolase biodegradable propanil , but propanil and dimethoate, carbaryl and other pesticides , the rice plants by the amide hydrolase inhibition , causing phytotoxicity to paddy rice .
1.1.4 solution concentration . Dose and the use of pesticides sprayed plants withstand concentrations exceed the standard , will hinder plant growth , resulting in injury and even kill the plant .
1.1.5 spraying times. Re-spray and even spray can also cause injury.
1.1.6 application methods . Application methods have a certain relationship with the injury , hand held sprayer such as rice using Butachlor when foliage spray applicator than the toxic soil mix prone to injury.
1.2 crops
1.2.1
Crop species and varieties. For each pesticide various crops showed different patterns of resistance and sensitivity . Such as rice germ on thiram , carbendazim and other pesticides are resistant , while kitazine sensitive .
1.2.2
Crop growth period . Different growth stages of crops sensitive to insecticides reaction differs greatly . Such as rice Bud Valley , seedling and jointing using MCPA , prone to injury , and in the seedling to tillering stage 4 leaves after spraying MCPA future growth of late , there is strong resistance to rice .
1.2.3 plant parts . Between the various parts of the crop 's susceptibility to insecticides quite different . Generally resistant to strong stem , buds , leaves prone to injury.
1.2.4 crop . Crops can cause debilitating injury . In the rice transplanting process, such as turning green seedlings still in the use of herbicides , but also easy to cause injury.
1.3 Environmental aspects
1.3.1
Temperature . Temperature directly affects the level of pesticide activity is also related to the safety of pesticide on crops . Spraying in high temperature environments ,liquid sprayer because of high activity of pesticides , which led some pesticide phytotoxicity .
1.3.2
Humidity and rainfall . Humidity is too large , too much water can cause injury. Such as rice seedling is not flat, the lower water after sowing, pre-emergence application nitrofen , low-lying valley will dry bud bud seedlings died . Honda initially applied Oxadiazon , if large flooded seedlings, can also cause injury. Similarly , water retention is poor, too little moisture paddy fields , the application of such herbicide molinate , liquid penetrate into the roots of the rice-growing is not safe.
2013年9月17日星期二
Herbicides factors on water
The first step, the selection of the amount of water required to consider the following factors:
1, pharmacy. In general, the tag type herbicides on water> inner suction-type herbicides, soil treatment agent> foliage treatment agent. Some herbicides on water but also according to their physical and chemical properties to be. Such as 2,4-D butyl ester is highly volatile, water power sprayer even though it is within the suction-type foliar herbicides, but water is not too low. Paraquat toxicity is higher, for water greatly help to improve the safety of humans and animals.
2, weeds. If the thin grass field grass small, less water; Conversely, should pay more for water. Liquid can be completely covered with weeds prevail.
3, the environment. When the weather, soil drought on water should be appropriately increased.
4, is used. On water quantity and mode of application, method of application, spraying equipment and other closely related, such as high Gallant can knapsack sprayer application, 20-30 liters of water per acre for using spray sprayer rod is 7-14 l; hand pressure sprayer single when taken with a low volume of water, with broadleaf herbicides when taking high amounts.
The second step, formally required before spraying the spray pressure nozzle flow and other technical indicators for the school setting.
1, pharmacy. In general, the tag type herbicides on water> inner suction-type herbicides, soil treatment agent> foliage treatment agent. Some herbicides on water but also according to their physical and chemical properties to be. Such as 2,4-D butyl ester is highly volatile, water power sprayer even though it is within the suction-type foliar herbicides, but water is not too low. Paraquat toxicity is higher, for water greatly help to improve the safety of humans and animals.
2, weeds. If the thin grass field grass small, less water; Conversely, should pay more for water. Liquid can be completely covered with weeds prevail.
3, the environment. When the weather, soil drought on water should be appropriately increased.
4, is used. On water quantity and mode of application, method of application, spraying equipment and other closely related, such as high Gallant can knapsack sprayer application, 20-30 liters of water per acre for using spray sprayer rod is 7-14 l; hand pressure sprayer single when taken with a low volume of water, with broadleaf herbicides when taking high amounts.
The second step, formally required before spraying the spray pressure nozzle flow and other technical indicators for the school setting.
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