Choose the best application time . For closed herbicides , be sure to use before weeds sprout , once weeds grow , increase resistance , weeding poor results. For foliar herbicides should grasp % 26ldquo; except early, in addition to a small % 26rdquo; principle. Weed plant age the greater the resistance will be. In a normal year , about 90% emergence of weeds , weed seedlings organize young , drug resistance is weak , easily killed. In the daily average temperature is above 10 ℃ , use of herbicides recommended dosage limit , will be able to obtain more than 95% of the control effect . Early seedling stage is appropriate poison indigenous ; sensitive to herbicides fast growing period , with particular caution ; seedling hardening of seedlings although some resistance , but most of the weeds have matured , application plays a minor role .
Flexibility dosage. Seedling resistance to herbicides is a certain limit , it can not arbitrarily increase the dosage . In addition, different resistance of different seedlings should be strictly in accordance with product instructions . In general, the dosage of coniferous species can be bigger, broadleaf species dosage should be smaller. The same seedling varieties resistant to certain agents will increase with increasing seedling age , the dosage can be increased accordingly , such as controlling pine, fir nursery weeds can acre with 23.5% of the fruit Seoul EC 50 ml single-use , or 23.5% of the fruit Seoul EC 30 ml plus 50% acetochlor EC l00 ml mix. If used for hardwood species nursery , the dosage should be reduced appropriately. For annual weeds , use the recommended dosage can be. For perennial weed ,hand pump sprayers perennial weeds , you need to appropriately increase the dosage.
Note that when spraying temperature and soil moisture . Temperature directly affects the efficacy of the herbicide . For example MCPA , 2,4% 26mdash; D below 10 ℃ pesticide efficacy poor , 10 ℃ or more pesticide efficacy do. Herbicides fast off spirits , although the ultimate effect of superstar not affected by temperature , but at low temperatures 10% 26mdash; 20 days after the exhibit herbicidal effects . All herbicides should be sprayed on a sunny day when the temperature is high , in order to give full play to efficacy. Whether growing seedlings before soil treatment or foliar spraying , soil moisture are important factors affecting the level of efficacy . Seedlings before spraying, if the surface soil humidity, easy to form a tight seal to kill drug layer of soil and weed seeds germinate unearthed fast, so anti -efficient . Growing application , if the soil is moist ,perfume sprayer vigorous weed growth , which will help the absorption of weeds and weed control agents operate in the body , so the efficacy of play quickly, weeding effect.
0
2013年9月26日星期四
The use of bio- pesticides technical points
Pollution-free agricultural production has become the development direction of agricultural production . Agricultural products in the production process, the use of biological pesticides to control pests and diseases have attracted worldwide attention. Currently , bio-pesticides in food, vegetables, fruit trees, flowers , widely used . However,backpack garden sprayers due to the effect of biological pesticide use is affected by many factors. In practical applications, there are a series of problems . The scientific use of biological pesticides should make maximum use of favorable factors, to overcome and avoid disadvantages. In use should pay attention to the following points.
First, choose a different control objects according to different varieties of pesticides currently producing bio-pesticides are insecticides, fungicides and use of microbial products made on behalf } antibiotic insecticides, fungicides and other types. In the practical application of biological pesticides . Many people on the nature of biological pesticides are not completely understood, mistaken biological insecticide, fungicide can prevent all diseases , pests , rather than indiscriminate widespread use , it will not only not receive the desired effects , but also delays Prevention period. Highly selective biological drugs , such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) effective prevention and treatment of Lepidoptera larvae , but not leafhopper Homoptera pathogenicity , and different varieties of Bacillus thuringiensis based on several important pests effect there are differences . Further , according to the characteristics of different types of pest feeding biological pesticides, such as insects of Lepidoptera Bt good results, will be distributed in plants after spraying the surface , or touch the feeding insects dead bacteria , but the sap sucking insects ( such as aphids , mites ) invalid, and avermectin mites killing effect is very good. Therefore, for different types of pests targeted selection of suitable varieties of bio-pesticides .
Two , according to the control object and conditions of the appropriate choice of bio- pesticide formulations of biological control effects often associated with pesticide formulations and is closely related to the use of technology , when used according to the control object , meteorological conditions and the use of time, the right to select the appropriate dosage forms , in order to achieve the best control effect. Such as powders can make use of air buoyancy and wind dispersed in a wider range , hand sprayers and thus have a greater exposure and pests ; For a large amount of leaf-eating pests such as Pieris water can be dubbed the WP suspension spray method was better than well, while the use of dusting method less effective. Capsules release the result is not only longer . Pathogens but also to protect them from environmental factors. Applicator can be used in greenhouses .
Third, based on different control objects determine the appropriate period of pest control is the role of biological pesticides object , for different types and characteristics of pests, biological pesticide use different methods. There are several different insect life, developmental stages , various developmental stages of different resistance to biocides . Therefore, understanding the developmental stage in which the pests , prevention and treatment is essential . For example, Pieris life can be divided into egg, larva, pupa and adult four developmental stages , egg in egg shells to protect , there pupa pupal stage protection, old larvae has a thick waxy layer of protection , while adults can winged flying. Therefore, only select young larvae make medicine. To give full play to the effect of biological pesticides .
First, choose a different control objects according to different varieties of pesticides currently producing bio-pesticides are insecticides, fungicides and use of microbial products made on behalf } antibiotic insecticides, fungicides and other types. In the practical application of biological pesticides . Many people on the nature of biological pesticides are not completely understood, mistaken biological insecticide, fungicide can prevent all diseases , pests , rather than indiscriminate widespread use , it will not only not receive the desired effects , but also delays Prevention period. Highly selective biological drugs , such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) effective prevention and treatment of Lepidoptera larvae , but not leafhopper Homoptera pathogenicity , and different varieties of Bacillus thuringiensis based on several important pests effect there are differences . Further , according to the characteristics of different types of pest feeding biological pesticides, such as insects of Lepidoptera Bt good results, will be distributed in plants after spraying the surface , or touch the feeding insects dead bacteria , but the sap sucking insects ( such as aphids , mites ) invalid, and avermectin mites killing effect is very good. Therefore, for different types of pests targeted selection of suitable varieties of bio-pesticides .
Two , according to the control object and conditions of the appropriate choice of bio- pesticide formulations of biological control effects often associated with pesticide formulations and is closely related to the use of technology , when used according to the control object , meteorological conditions and the use of time, the right to select the appropriate dosage forms , in order to achieve the best control effect. Such as powders can make use of air buoyancy and wind dispersed in a wider range , hand sprayers and thus have a greater exposure and pests ; For a large amount of leaf-eating pests such as Pieris water can be dubbed the WP suspension spray method was better than well, while the use of dusting method less effective. Capsules release the result is not only longer . Pathogens but also to protect them from environmental factors. Applicator can be used in greenhouses .
Third, based on different control objects determine the appropriate period of pest control is the role of biological pesticides object , for different types and characteristics of pests, biological pesticide use different methods. There are several different insect life, developmental stages , various developmental stages of different resistance to biocides . Therefore, understanding the developmental stage in which the pests , prevention and treatment is essential . For example, Pieris life can be divided into egg, larva, pupa and adult four developmental stages , egg in egg shells to protect , there pupa pupal stage protection, old larvae has a thick waxy layer of protection , while adults can winged flying. Therefore, only select young larvae make medicine. To give full play to the effect of biological pesticides .
2013年9月25日星期三
Pesticide use aircraft can also help
Aircraft spraying method . Pesticides with aircraft , powders , granules , baits and other withdrawal uniformly applied within the target area of application methods , also known as air spraying method . It is the effect of the highest application methods for contiguous planting crops , orchards, forests, grasslands, locust breeding plots of wasteland and beach etc. agricultural sprayers spraying . For the aircraft spraying pesticide formulations are powders , wettable powders, water dispersible granules , suspensions, dry suspensions, emulsifiable concentrates, liquid, oil , granules and the like . As particles drift severe dusting aircraft , has been rarely used , even in the morning dusting should also be operating under steady flow conditions , aircraft ground powder powder powder for a little thicker than some . Can be dubbed to water suspension formulations for high- volume spray , when mixed with other formulations are required to prevent particles flocculation . May be formulated for water cream emulsion dosage forms and for high capacity and low volume spray , for low- volume spraying may be added in the amount of spray solution of urea , potassium phosphate dioxide to reduce the droplet evaporation. ULV spray oil directly to its flash point not less than 70 ℃.
Aircraft spraying pesticides, available capacity and ULV low ; low volume spray spray volume of 10-50 l / ha ; ultra low volume spray spray volume of l ~ 5 l / ha ; General required droplet coverage density of 20 / cm 2 or more. Aerial spraying of fungicide tag type , generally use high-volume spray , spray volume of 50 liters / ha or more ; spraying fungicides can be low-volume spray , spray volume of 20 to 50 l / ha. Aerial backpack sprayers spraying of herbicides, usually low-volume sprays, spray volume of 10 to 50 l / ha , the use of wettable powder and 40 to 50 l / ha . Aircraft applicator rodenticides, generally in the forest and grassland Shi bait or poison pill .
Aircraft spraying operation time , usually half an hour after sunrise and half an hour before sunset , as the conditions are ripe , but also night operations. Job wind: Dusting is not greater than 3 m / s, spray or spray particulate agent is not greater than 4 m / sec, sprinkle granules of not more than 6 m / s. Flight altitude and effective spray cap varies by model .
Aircraft spraying pesticides, available capacity and ULV low ; low volume spray spray volume of 10-50 l / ha ; ultra low volume spray spray volume of l ~ 5 l / ha ; General required droplet coverage density of 20 / cm 2 or more. Aerial spraying of fungicide tag type , generally use high-volume spray , spray volume of 50 liters / ha or more ; spraying fungicides can be low-volume spray , spray volume of 20 to 50 l / ha. Aerial backpack sprayers spraying of herbicides, usually low-volume sprays, spray volume of 10 to 50 l / ha , the use of wettable powder and 40 to 50 l / ha . Aircraft applicator rodenticides, generally in the forest and grassland Shi bait or poison pill .
Aircraft spraying operation time , usually half an hour after sunrise and half an hour before sunset , as the conditions are ripe , but also night operations. Job wind: Dusting is not greater than 3 m / s, spray or spray particulate agent is not greater than 4 m / sec, sprinkle granules of not more than 6 m / s. Flight altitude and effective spray cap varies by model .
Around the use of these pesticides
Soil treatment . Sprinkle with pesticides or green manure crops in the soil surface , followed by plowing buried , or agents in plant roots ditching applicator or poured to kill or inhibit soil pests . For example, with 2.5% trichlorfon powder 2 to 2.5 kg dry mixing 25 grams of fine soil , sprinkle on the green manure , sprinkle with plowing with the prevention and treatment of black cutworm is very effective , hand pump sprayers and if the per acre with 3% carbofuran granules dry agent 1.5 to 2 grams of corn , soybeans and sugarcane rhizosphere ditching applicator can effectively combat these crops on a variety of pests .
Fumigation . Toxic gases using agents , in a closed condition, to eliminate the Gelechiidae warehousing grain cotton , bean weevil , Tribolium castaneum , pink and so on. For example, methyl bromide fumigation of grain, cotton seed , beans and other winter positions per 1,000 cubic meters solid dosage is 30 kg , fumigation three days time . Summer fumigation dosage may be less, time can be shorter. Also in the field fumigation method can also be used , such as poison rods made with dichlorvos twigs cast on cotton ,manual sprayer it can be smoked to kill boll of some pests.
Fumigation . Toxic gases using agents , in a closed condition, to eliminate the Gelechiidae warehousing grain cotton , bean weevil , Tribolium castaneum , pink and so on. For example, methyl bromide fumigation of grain, cotton seed , beans and other winter positions per 1,000 cubic meters solid dosage is 30 kg , fumigation three days time . Summer fumigation dosage may be less, time can be shorter. Also in the field fumigation method can also be used , such as poison rods made with dichlorvos twigs cast on cotton ,manual sprayer it can be smoked to kill boll of some pests.
2013年9月24日星期二
Herbicide injury occurrence and control
With the continuous development of China's agricultural science and technology , herbicides in agricultural production more widely , herbicide injury also was gradually expanded and worsening trend ,irrigation sprayer the main manifestations of herbicide injury recessive injury, drug residues damage and dominant injury.
So how can both make use of herbicides and crops from harm? To this end, the Far East Pesticides Co., Ltd. , Henan researchers in the party under the leadership of Mr. Winfield , and domestic and foreign experts, after five years of research finally found a way to solve the herbicide injury and residual hazardous substances, and named it " Nai ." With Hounai An worked in Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Heilongjiang and other provinces to promote large-scale demonstration , two time trial area of nearly 2000 hectares , completely solve the weed problem without stimulation and injury .
Nai is the only broad-spectrum herbicide safener , Nai in different crops and a variety of commonly used herbicides , without affecting the herbicidal effect at the same time , the body can effectively relieve crop and soil herbicide residues , prevention and lifting and residual herbicide injury hazards. Unlike Nai fertilizer and conditioning agent which is capable of adsorbing and decomposition of soil and crop herbicide residues in the body , professional backpack sprayer to solve herbicide injury . Currently Nai has applied for national invention patent and obtain high-tech product certificate to fill the domestic blank , scientific and technological content reached the international advanced level.
So how can both make use of herbicides and crops from harm? To this end, the Far East Pesticides Co., Ltd. , Henan researchers in the party under the leadership of Mr. Winfield , and domestic and foreign experts, after five years of research finally found a way to solve the herbicide injury and residual hazardous substances, and named it " Nai ." With Hounai An worked in Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Heilongjiang and other provinces to promote large-scale demonstration , two time trial area of nearly 2000 hectares , completely solve the weed problem without stimulation and injury .
Nai is the only broad-spectrum herbicide safener , Nai in different crops and a variety of commonly used herbicides , without affecting the herbicidal effect at the same time , the body can effectively relieve crop and soil herbicide residues , prevention and lifting and residual herbicide injury hazards. Unlike Nai fertilizer and conditioning agent which is capable of adsorbing and decomposition of soil and crop herbicide residues in the body , professional backpack sprayer to solve herbicide injury . Currently Nai has applied for national invention patent and obtain high-tech product certificate to fill the domestic blank , scientific and technological content reached the international advanced level.
Chinese herbal medicine production on how rational use of pesticides
( A ) a reasonable choice under control object pesticide varieties of medicinal plants used pesticides are an important means of pest control . More types of pesticides , pest species selection should be based on appropriate pesticides, insecticides such as trichlorfon, generally chewing mouthparts pests such as cabbage worm , but not on aphids, scale insects and other pests sucking mouthparts almost ineffective . Fungicides should choose the right species, such as seed disinfection is generally used in a broad spectrum fungicide , and prevention and control of foliar fungal diseases can choose multiple Yin Ling , thiophanate-methyl and other pesticides , control downy mildew should choose Switzerland toxic mold and other bacteria to algae sensitive to pesticides. In Chinese herbal pest control , promoting the use of biological pesticides, such as Bt, agricultural antibiotic 120 , diflubenzuron , such as nicotine .
( 2 ) alternate use of pesticides and pesticide use reasonable mix principle is not the same kind of long-term use of pesticides to control the same pests, but should be used interchangeably but different mechanism of action similar to pesticide control object . Also need to mix different pesticides can reach rid variety of pests and diseases, to avoid pest resistance , to extend the life of new pesticides . Mixing should pay attention not produce antagonism between pesticides or degradation , agricultural sprayers do not use a significant increase in drug mix formula. Mix dispensing should be first two pesticides formulations according to the respective dosage or concentration of weighing , respectively, diluted with a little water , and then mixed with each other after a stir, add water to the required concentration . Mixtures of pesticides should now with the current , not long home .
( 3 ) Select the appropriate use of pesticides during application of pesticides is the right time to effectively control pests and diseases , protecting beneficial organisms , an important way to avoid pesticide residues , do pay attention to field observations , in order to grasp the pest dynamics. The basis for determining optimum control period are: master pest Sheng period and in the best interest of anti- insect instar stage combat ; pest infestation and easy , damage the reproductive stage ; non- predators sensitive period ; safe interval , ie at harvest prohibited within a certain time interval before the medication, it is important to note .
( 4 ) the use of pesticides during the safety precautions required to wear rubber gloves when dispensing , dosage should be strictly in accordance with the provisions dose weighing, mixing drugs prohibited by hand ; Yaojibanzhong when you use tools to use with the mix, sprinkle hands or on-demand drug kind of protective gloves should be worn when , leftover vestiges kind should be promptly destroyed ; Pharmaceuticals, dressing site should be away from water and place of residence ; interlaced when using manual sprayers spray liquid in the bucket can not be filled too full , strong winds and high temperatures do not spray medicine ; promptly cleaned after spraying
and Sheng Guo packaging .
( 2 ) alternate use of pesticides and pesticide use reasonable mix principle is not the same kind of long-term use of pesticides to control the same pests, but should be used interchangeably but different mechanism of action similar to pesticide control object . Also need to mix different pesticides can reach rid variety of pests and diseases, to avoid pest resistance , to extend the life of new pesticides . Mixing should pay attention not produce antagonism between pesticides or degradation , agricultural sprayers do not use a significant increase in drug mix formula. Mix dispensing should be first two pesticides formulations according to the respective dosage or concentration of weighing , respectively, diluted with a little water , and then mixed with each other after a stir, add water to the required concentration . Mixtures of pesticides should now with the current , not long home .
( 3 ) Select the appropriate use of pesticides during application of pesticides is the right time to effectively control pests and diseases , protecting beneficial organisms , an important way to avoid pesticide residues , do pay attention to field observations , in order to grasp the pest dynamics. The basis for determining optimum control period are: master pest Sheng period and in the best interest of anti- insect instar stage combat ; pest infestation and easy , damage the reproductive stage ; non- predators sensitive period ; safe interval , ie at harvest prohibited within a certain time interval before the medication, it is important to note .
( 4 ) the use of pesticides during the safety precautions required to wear rubber gloves when dispensing , dosage should be strictly in accordance with the provisions dose weighing, mixing drugs prohibited by hand ; Yaojibanzhong when you use tools to use with the mix, sprinkle hands or on-demand drug kind of protective gloves should be worn when , leftover vestiges kind should be promptly destroyed ; Pharmaceuticals, dressing site should be away from water and place of residence ; interlaced when using manual sprayers spray liquid in the bucket can not be filled too full , strong winds and high temperatures do not spray medicine ; promptly cleaned after spraying
| garden pressure sprayers |
Nicosulfuron injury remedies
Generally , the corn itself is strong resistance , nicosulfuron a slight phytotoxicity , without treatment, only temporarily inhibited growth of corn , can be restored after a period of time , does not affect the production.
If severe injury , need to be addressed , we can use the following measures:
Even detox in a smoke -ethyl injury has occurred or will occur , to take early measures to detox . On the initial injury on corn plants that can be used 3-5 times spray equipment wash water spray pesticide residues on plants .
2 strengthen field management ( 1 ) pouring enough water , prompting a lot of corn roots absorb water to reduce the concentration of the herbicide plant body , relieve injury.
( 2 ) appropriate to increase the depth and frequency of hoeing , enhance soil aeration , and promote beneficial soil microbial activity , accelerate the decomposition of soil nutrients , enhance maize root under water and nutrient absorption capacity, so as soon as possible to restore normal maize plants growth and development.
( 3 ) spraying large cloud -120 ( natural brassinolide ) diluted 1500 -fold or GA plus 1 % urea aqueous solution or spiritual harm , leaf treasure diluted 500 times in the morning or evening dew dry with low pressure sprayer to spray both sides of the blade , and promote normal growth of plants , in order to effectively reduce injury .
( 4 ) the injury occurred corn plots should be combined with water , increasing livestock manure composting facilities , ammonium bicarbonate , ammonium nitrate, urea and other fast-acting fertilizer to promote root development and regeneration , restoring victims corn physiology to reduce tobacco ethyl phytotoxicity to corn damage. But also foliar hand pump sprayers of 1% -2 % urea or 0.2 % -0.3 % potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or Huimanfeng 60-800 times, resume normal growth favorable for corn .
Should also actively controlling other corn pests, in order to improve the ability of maize to resist injury . However, if the injury caused by the cornfields too heavy , these measures can not relieve victims extent, you can only take one or switching to other crops destroyed to avoid greater losses. Seven days before and after use can not be used organophosphate pesticides , dry weather , be sure to increase the amount of use , increased amount of detergent , washing powder is a good adhesion agent. First watering after application .
If severe injury , need to be addressed , we can use the following measures:
Even detox in a smoke -ethyl injury has occurred or will occur , to take early measures to detox . On the initial injury on corn plants that can be used 3-5 times spray equipment wash water spray pesticide residues on plants .
2 strengthen field management ( 1 ) pouring enough water , prompting a lot of corn roots absorb water to reduce the concentration of the herbicide plant body , relieve injury.
( 2 ) appropriate to increase the depth and frequency of hoeing , enhance soil aeration , and promote beneficial soil microbial activity , accelerate the decomposition of soil nutrients , enhance maize root under water and nutrient absorption capacity, so as soon as possible to restore normal maize plants growth and development.
( 3 ) spraying large cloud -120 ( natural brassinolide ) diluted 1500 -fold or GA plus 1 % urea aqueous solution or spiritual harm , leaf treasure diluted 500 times in the morning or evening dew dry with low pressure sprayer to spray both sides of the blade , and promote normal growth of plants , in order to effectively reduce injury .
( 4 ) the injury occurred corn plots should be combined with water , increasing livestock manure composting facilities , ammonium bicarbonate , ammonium nitrate, urea and other fast-acting fertilizer to promote root development and regeneration , restoring victims corn physiology to reduce tobacco ethyl phytotoxicity to corn damage. But also foliar hand pump sprayers of 1% -2 % urea or 0.2 % -0.3 % potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or Huimanfeng 60-800 times, resume normal growth favorable for corn .
Should also actively controlling other corn pests, in order to improve the ability of maize to resist injury . However, if the injury caused by the cornfields too heavy , these measures can not relieve victims extent, you can only take one or switching to other crops destroyed to avoid greater losses. Seven days before and after use can not be used organophosphate pesticides , dry weather , be sure to increase the amount of use , increased amount of detergent , washing powder is a good adhesion agent. First watering after application .
2013年9月21日星期六
Safe use of pesticides and technical training held in Xiangxi
June 7 , "science and technology to the countryside cum- technical training activities safe use of pesticides ," held in Guzhang County , the Ministry of Agriculture experts , the Provincial Agriculture Office of the relevant departments , the state party committee, deputy governor Xie Jianhua , deputy state government inspector Huwan Feng participate in activities.
"As of this year the Ministry of Agriculture for farmers to do practical things work embodied , the event aims to popularize knowledge of safe and rational use of pesticides to help farmers improve medication safety standards , and effectively help farmers solve some outstanding problems in agricultural production for local rural Western economic development and farmers to provide effective support . " Ministry of Agriculture , director Zhangyan Qiu told reporters .
According to reports, the event is organized by the Ministry of Agriculture , the Provincial Agriculture Department , the state government sponsored . Training focus on prevention and control of crop pests and green model , pesticide safety and practical techniques grassroots development and farmers medication safety technology and other aspects . Topics include: the popularization of pesticide laws and regulations as well as the rational use of pesticides and technical knowledge ;agricultural sprayer knowledge of the safe use of pesticides on-site consultation , dispatch of science and technology books as well as biological pesticides and low toxicity pesticides samples ; build green tea pest prevention and control standards Demonstration Garden , gift insecticidal lamps , sprayers and yellow plates and other materials , expert on-site guidance tea pest control techniques ; establish safe use of pesticides monitoring points, Distinguished local personnel tea demonstration garden for one-year technical guidance and other activities.
"We have 5,000 acres and build autonomous green tea integrated pest prevention and control of plant protection demonstration garden , giving 55 units projected insecticidal lamps , 50 sprayers and 3000 insect-catching yellow plate , the establishment of safe use of pesticides monitoring points, hire experts for guidance , the purpose is to let you accurately identify counterfeit pesticides , scientific selection of quality pesticides, safe and rational use of pesticides . " Zhangyan Qiu said that in order to ensure the effectiveness of training activities , the Ministry of Agriculture also carefully prepared a technical manual pesticide safety , pesticide application 100 ask other professional books 3000 , 60,000 copies of promotional materials for farmers and friends to read to share .
It is known to the event as a starting point , the Ministry of Agriculture will be in Hebei,hand pressure sprayer Shaanxi and other places on the grassroots technicians and farmers to carry out the safe use of pesticides and knowledge training and demonstration activities .
"As of this year the Ministry of Agriculture for farmers to do practical things work embodied , the event aims to popularize knowledge of safe and rational use of pesticides to help farmers improve medication safety standards , and effectively help farmers solve some outstanding problems in agricultural production for local rural Western economic development and farmers to provide effective support . " Ministry of Agriculture , director Zhangyan Qiu told reporters .
According to reports, the event is organized by the Ministry of Agriculture , the Provincial Agriculture Department , the state government sponsored . Training focus on prevention and control of crop pests and green model , pesticide safety and practical techniques grassroots development and farmers medication safety technology and other aspects . Topics include: the popularization of pesticide laws and regulations as well as the rational use of pesticides and technical knowledge ;agricultural sprayer knowledge of the safe use of pesticides on-site consultation , dispatch of science and technology books as well as biological pesticides and low toxicity pesticides samples ; build green tea pest prevention and control standards Demonstration Garden , gift insecticidal lamps , sprayers and yellow plates and other materials , expert on-site guidance tea pest control techniques ; establish safe use of pesticides monitoring points, Distinguished local personnel tea demonstration garden for one-year technical guidance and other activities.
"We have 5,000 acres and build autonomous green tea integrated pest prevention and control of plant protection demonstration garden , giving 55 units projected insecticidal lamps , 50 sprayers and 3000 insect-catching yellow plate , the establishment of safe use of pesticides monitoring points, hire experts for guidance , the purpose is to let you accurately identify counterfeit pesticides , scientific selection of quality pesticides, safe and rational use of pesticides . " Zhangyan Qiu said that in order to ensure the effectiveness of training activities , the Ministry of Agriculture also carefully prepared a technical manual pesticide safety , pesticide application 100 ask other professional books 3000 , 60,000 copies of promotional materials for farmers and friends to read to share .
It is known to the event as a starting point , the Ministry of Agriculture will be in Hebei,hand pressure sprayer Shaanxi and other places on the grassroots technicians and farmers to carry out the safe use of pesticides and knowledge training and demonstration activities .
Rice herbicide injury also do encounter
To strengthen the management and cultivator fertilizer plots for injury occurred , first emptying the fields of water has been sprayed , poured fresh running water . Yun Tian Zhonggeng followed ,bottle plastic sprayer the topsoil plunged into deep soil adsorption agents , reducing the role of pesticides on rice roots . Yun Tian after 2 ~ 3d, 121 per acre application of fertilizer into 2 ~ 4kg, can promote root leaves , accelerate growth .
Applying rooting powder drainage, Yun Tian and after fertilization , preferably Mushi 200mg/kg rooting agent ABT200kg, has a good effect on promoting root , root number increased 25% to 40 %, can accelerate the growth rate .
Interpolation serious injury was diagnosed confirm seedlings , yellowing rate of 80 % or more,knapsack sprayer to raise seedlings immediately interpolation . Methods of operation : first row Kiyota water, light plowing a second before discharge Cho , then plug, throwing .
Applying rooting powder drainage, Yun Tian and after fertilization , preferably Mushi 200mg/kg rooting agent ABT200kg, has a good effect on promoting root , root number increased 25% to 40 %, can accelerate the growth rate .
Interpolation serious injury was diagnosed confirm seedlings , yellowing rate of 80 % or more,knapsack sprayer to raise seedlings immediately interpolation . Methods of operation : first row Kiyota water, light plowing a second before discharge Cho , then plug, throwing .
Paddy herbicide injury causes and treatment
The whole rice growth period , would suffer a variety of grass pest hazards, in order to reduce production losses , had to use pesticides to control pests , but in the course of medication , due to improper use , often resulting in injury , affecting the normal growth of rice , light who retired green leaves yellow , brown spots , banana leaf ; severe slow growth, plant death , causing output to fall. Injury caused yield losses sometimes more than the losses caused by pests is also large, and too much pesticide residue will affect human health.
In recent years, paddy herbicide injury caused by improper use of more and more , threatening the growth of rice , rice and even lead to death . According to recent years of field observations and refer to relevant reports and literature on paddy herbicide injury causes, diagnosis, prevention and remedial analyzed and discussed in order to provide the basis for the control of herbicide injury .
A herbicide injury causes
1.1 pesticides
1.1.1
Physical and chemical properties of pesticides . In general, the pesticide on crops have certain physiological effects , such as oil , powders and the like to plug the pores and cause leaf injury ; copper preparations , preparations such as arsenic , copper sulfate, calcium arsenate , sprayed on plant leaves , so that the agents penetrate the plant tissue and produce injury.
1.1.2
Pesticide quality . Use of poor quality, impurities or deterioration of pesticides , easy to cause injury, such as rice seedling Butachlor used as mixed with more impurities such as alachlor , rice seedlings can cause serious injury. Some improper storage of pesticides , storage for a long time , causing the EC layered , liquid precipitation, powder, wettable powder deliquescence caking , not only directly affect the efficacy , can lead to injury produce .
1.1.3
Mixture. Between pesticide mix properly, can also cause injury. Such as rice administered propanil control barnyardgrass not to hurt rice , because rice contains amide hydrolase biodegradable propanil , but propanil and dimethoate, carbaryl and other pesticides , the rice plants by the amide hydrolase inhibition , causing phytotoxicity to paddy rice .
1.1.4 solution concentration . Dose and the use of pesticides sprayed plants withstand concentrations exceed the standard , will hinder plant growth , resulting in injury and even kill the plant .
1.1.5 spraying times. Re-spray and even spray can also cause injury.
1.1.6 application methods . Application methods have a certain relationship with the injury , hand held sprayer such as rice using Butachlor when foliage spray applicator than the toxic soil mix prone to injury.
1.2 crops
1.2.1
Crop species and varieties. For each pesticide various crops showed different patterns of resistance and sensitivity . Such as rice germ on thiram , carbendazim and other pesticides are resistant , while kitazine sensitive .
1.2.2
Crop growth period . Different growth stages of crops sensitive to insecticides reaction differs greatly . Such as rice Bud Valley , seedling and jointing using MCPA , prone to injury , and in the seedling to tillering stage 4 leaves after spraying MCPA future growth of late , there is strong resistance to rice .
1.2.3 plant parts . Between the various parts of the crop 's susceptibility to insecticides quite different . Generally resistant to strong stem , buds , leaves prone to injury.
1.2.4 crop . Crops can cause debilitating injury . In the rice transplanting process, such as turning green seedlings still in the use of herbicides , but also easy to cause injury.
1.3 Environmental aspects
1.3.1
Temperature . Temperature directly affects the level of pesticide activity is also related to the safety of pesticide on crops . Spraying in high temperature environments ,liquid sprayer because of high activity of pesticides , which led some pesticide phytotoxicity .
1.3.2
Humidity and rainfall . Humidity is too large , too much water can cause injury. Such as rice seedling is not flat, the lower water after sowing, pre-emergence application nitrofen , low-lying valley will dry bud bud seedlings died . Honda initially applied Oxadiazon , if large flooded seedlings, can also cause injury. Similarly , water retention is poor, too little moisture paddy fields , the application of such herbicide molinate , liquid penetrate into the roots of the rice-growing is not safe.
In recent years, paddy herbicide injury caused by improper use of more and more , threatening the growth of rice , rice and even lead to death . According to recent years of field observations and refer to relevant reports and literature on paddy herbicide injury causes, diagnosis, prevention and remedial analyzed and discussed in order to provide the basis for the control of herbicide injury .
A herbicide injury causes
1.1 pesticides
1.1.1
Physical and chemical properties of pesticides . In general, the pesticide on crops have certain physiological effects , such as oil , powders and the like to plug the pores and cause leaf injury ; copper preparations , preparations such as arsenic , copper sulfate, calcium arsenate , sprayed on plant leaves , so that the agents penetrate the plant tissue and produce injury.
1.1.2
Pesticide quality . Use of poor quality, impurities or deterioration of pesticides , easy to cause injury, such as rice seedling Butachlor used as mixed with more impurities such as alachlor , rice seedlings can cause serious injury. Some improper storage of pesticides , storage for a long time , causing the EC layered , liquid precipitation, powder, wettable powder deliquescence caking , not only directly affect the efficacy , can lead to injury produce .
1.1.3
Mixture. Between pesticide mix properly, can also cause injury. Such as rice administered propanil control barnyardgrass not to hurt rice , because rice contains amide hydrolase biodegradable propanil , but propanil and dimethoate, carbaryl and other pesticides , the rice plants by the amide hydrolase inhibition , causing phytotoxicity to paddy rice .
1.1.4 solution concentration . Dose and the use of pesticides sprayed plants withstand concentrations exceed the standard , will hinder plant growth , resulting in injury and even kill the plant .
1.1.5 spraying times. Re-spray and even spray can also cause injury.
1.1.6 application methods . Application methods have a certain relationship with the injury , hand held sprayer such as rice using Butachlor when foliage spray applicator than the toxic soil mix prone to injury.
1.2 crops
1.2.1
Crop species and varieties. For each pesticide various crops showed different patterns of resistance and sensitivity . Such as rice germ on thiram , carbendazim and other pesticides are resistant , while kitazine sensitive .
1.2.2
Crop growth period . Different growth stages of crops sensitive to insecticides reaction differs greatly . Such as rice Bud Valley , seedling and jointing using MCPA , prone to injury , and in the seedling to tillering stage 4 leaves after spraying MCPA future growth of late , there is strong resistance to rice .
1.2.3 plant parts . Between the various parts of the crop 's susceptibility to insecticides quite different . Generally resistant to strong stem , buds , leaves prone to injury.
1.2.4 crop . Crops can cause debilitating injury . In the rice transplanting process, such as turning green seedlings still in the use of herbicides , but also easy to cause injury.
1.3 Environmental aspects
1.3.1
Temperature . Temperature directly affects the level of pesticide activity is also related to the safety of pesticide on crops . Spraying in high temperature environments ,liquid sprayer because of high activity of pesticides , which led some pesticide phytotoxicity .
1.3.2
Humidity and rainfall . Humidity is too large , too much water can cause injury. Such as rice seedling is not flat, the lower water after sowing, pre-emergence application nitrofen , low-lying valley will dry bud bud seedlings died . Honda initially applied Oxadiazon , if large flooded seedlings, can also cause injury. Similarly , water retention is poor, too little moisture paddy fields , the application of such herbicide molinate , liquid penetrate into the roots of the rice-growing is not safe.
2013年9月17日星期二
Herbicides factors on water
The first step, the selection of the amount of water required to consider the following factors:
1, pharmacy. In general, the tag type herbicides on water> inner suction-type herbicides, soil treatment agent> foliage treatment agent. Some herbicides on water but also according to their physical and chemical properties to be. Such as 2,4-D butyl ester is highly volatile, water power sprayer even though it is within the suction-type foliar herbicides, but water is not too low. Paraquat toxicity is higher, for water greatly help to improve the safety of humans and animals.
2, weeds. If the thin grass field grass small, less water; Conversely, should pay more for water. Liquid can be completely covered with weeds prevail.
3, the environment. When the weather, soil drought on water should be appropriately increased.
4, is used. On water quantity and mode of application, method of application, spraying equipment and other closely related, such as high Gallant can knapsack sprayer application, 20-30 liters of water per acre for using spray sprayer rod is 7-14 l; hand pressure sprayer single when taken with a low volume of water, with broadleaf herbicides when taking high amounts.
The second step, formally required before spraying the spray pressure nozzle flow and other technical indicators for the school setting.
1, pharmacy. In general, the tag type herbicides on water> inner suction-type herbicides, soil treatment agent> foliage treatment agent. Some herbicides on water but also according to their physical and chemical properties to be. Such as 2,4-D butyl ester is highly volatile, water power sprayer even though it is within the suction-type foliar herbicides, but water is not too low. Paraquat toxicity is higher, for water greatly help to improve the safety of humans and animals.
2, weeds. If the thin grass field grass small, less water; Conversely, should pay more for water. Liquid can be completely covered with weeds prevail.
3, the environment. When the weather, soil drought on water should be appropriately increased.
4, is used. On water quantity and mode of application, method of application, spraying equipment and other closely related, such as high Gallant can knapsack sprayer application, 20-30 liters of water per acre for using spray sprayer rod is 7-14 l; hand pressure sprayer single when taken with a low volume of water, with broadleaf herbicides when taking high amounts.
The second step, formally required before spraying the spray pressure nozzle flow and other technical indicators for the school setting.
Post-disaster animal epidemic prevention is the key
After the flood, to be "no big epidemic after the disaster," the key to a good job is on the death of livestock and poultry harmless treatment. Just attach great importance to science and epidemic prevention, hand pressure sprayer discharge water, cleaning pens, improve the environment, thorough disinfection, can effectively prevent and control disease epidemic.
Good herd immunity
Focus disinfection herd, pig and playgrounds, slaughterhouse (points), sales floor, warehouse, herd transport vehicles, appliances, water disinfectants used bleach, chlorine preparations, farm environmental disinfection can use caustic soda, lime and chlorine preparations; water-related disasters can easily cause a variety of animal infectious diseases, parasitic diseases are endemic, herd immunity to do work on the new Bulan or exceed the immune protection of pigs, to immediately carry out foot and mouth disease, highly pathogenic blue ear disease, swine fever vaccine premium-free; strengthen management, good barn ventilation to keep indoor air fresh, strengthen water management, maintaining relatively dry discounted timely cooling, perfume sprayer in the feed appropriate to add health drugs to improve herd immunity.
Good herd immunity
Focus disinfection herd, pig and playgrounds, slaughterhouse (points), sales floor, warehouse, herd transport vehicles, appliances, water disinfectants used bleach, chlorine preparations, farm environmental disinfection can use caustic soda, lime and chlorine preparations; water-related disasters can easily cause a variety of animal infectious diseases, parasitic diseases are endemic, herd immunity to do work on the new Bulan or exceed the immune protection of pigs, to immediately carry out foot and mouth disease, highly pathogenic blue ear disease, swine fever vaccine premium-free; strengthen management, good barn ventilation to keep indoor air fresh, strengthen water management, maintaining relatively dry discounted timely cooling, perfume sprayer in the feed appropriate to add health drugs to improve herd immunity.
Note the use of pesticides during the rainy season
In agricultural production, often encounter spring rains, autumn constantly and the rainy season, to prevent and pest control work inconvenience. Often hear some farmers reflect poor rainy season spraying pest prevention. The rainy season is the high incidence of pests and diseases, pesticide control must master the technology in order to improve the control effect. To enhance the effect of pesticides during the rainy season, the farmers when hand pump sprayers spraying friends 5:00 to note the following:
First, pay attention to watch the weather, timing clever spraying. In general, the rain is better than spraying spraying spraying after rain or side edge rain. Therefore, we should pay attention to weather conditions, make choice of a good weather periods spraying in order to improve control effect. In addition, the law should be based on the activities of pest spraying clever selection of time, such as some of the nocturnal pests such as leaf roller should be sprayed in the evening.
Second, select the appropriate drug. The absorption of the rainy season use, fast-acting, anti-rain and microbial pesticide effect.
Fast-acting pesticides. Such as insecticides dichlorvos speed kill small, monocrotophos, fenitrothion, decis, Kuaishaling, metolcarb, deltamethrin and other pesticides, which has strong contact and fumigation, Shi 1 to 2 hours after drug or 4 to 5 hours after that they can kill the pests.
The absorption of pesticides. The absorption of pesticides by crop roots, stems, leaves and other parts of the body into the plant and transported to other parts of the work in a shorter period of time. Such as carbendazim, triadimefon, leaf blight net, triadimefon, thiophanate, hand held sprayer Miebing Granville, monocrotophos, carbofuran, methamidophos, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphorus amine sterilization insecticides, after application 4 to 5 hours will have 80% of the active ingredient to be absorbed by crops within the organization, and less leaching and loss of potency due to rain.
Microbial activity pesticides. Commonly used BT-781, caterpillar fungus, Beauveria bassiana and other microbial pesticides, in high humidity conditions more favorable to its spores germination and reproduction, rainy day application of these pesticides, pest control more fully play its role.
Rinse pesticide resistance. Fungicides and Miebing Jinggangmycin Granville, procymidone, etc. has good resistance to rain resistance, pesticide 1-5 hours after the showers even in the face, it will not affect the efficacy of the brush being poured.
First, pay attention to watch the weather, timing clever spraying. In general, the rain is better than spraying spraying spraying after rain or side edge rain. Therefore, we should pay attention to weather conditions, make choice of a good weather periods spraying in order to improve control effect. In addition, the law should be based on the activities of pest spraying clever selection of time, such as some of the nocturnal pests such as leaf roller should be sprayed in the evening.
Second, select the appropriate drug. The absorption of the rainy season use, fast-acting, anti-rain and microbial pesticide effect.
Fast-acting pesticides. Such as insecticides dichlorvos speed kill small, monocrotophos, fenitrothion, decis, Kuaishaling, metolcarb, deltamethrin and other pesticides, which has strong contact and fumigation, Shi 1 to 2 hours after drug or 4 to 5 hours after that they can kill the pests.
The absorption of pesticides. The absorption of pesticides by crop roots, stems, leaves and other parts of the body into the plant and transported to other parts of the work in a shorter period of time. Such as carbendazim, triadimefon, leaf blight net, triadimefon, thiophanate, hand held sprayer Miebing Granville, monocrotophos, carbofuran, methamidophos, dimethoate, omethoate, phosphorus amine sterilization insecticides, after application 4 to 5 hours will have 80% of the active ingredient to be absorbed by crops within the organization, and less leaching and loss of potency due to rain.
Microbial activity pesticides. Commonly used BT-781, caterpillar fungus, Beauveria bassiana and other microbial pesticides, in high humidity conditions more favorable to its spores germination and reproduction, rainy day application of these pesticides, pest control more fully play its role.
Rinse pesticide resistance. Fungicides and Miebing Jinggangmycin Granville, procymidone, etc. has good resistance to rain resistance, pesticide 1-5 hours after the showers even in the face, it will not affect the efficacy of the brush being poured.
2013年9月13日星期五
Glyphosate and sethoxydim phytotoxicity pyridine
Glyphosate ( Roundup )
( A ) the cause of the injury . With herbicides stem, leaf processing , corn sensitive to glyphosate , facilities or liquid fall into the mistake of corn plants will produce injury.
( Two ) phytotoxicity symptoms. With herbicides stems, leaves treatment , injury symptoms appear slowly, the drug leaves first appear water-soaked , leaf curl inward , growth was seriously inhibited. Tip , leaf margin wilting , and some plant whole plant slowly withered.
( Three ) injury prevention and mitigation measures . Facilities and to avoid misuse of liquid falling into cornfield. Since the injury develops slowly , need tens of days to be observed Simiao . Therefore , the occurrence of the injury as soon as possible under the circumstances may a drug measures . If the amount of pesticide per hectare more than 600 grams , garden hand sprayers you should consider destroying species .
Sethoxydim pyridine ( Arrest net )
( A ) the cause of the injury . With herbicides stem, leaf processing , corn sethoxydim pyridine sensitive , mistakenly applied or adjacent land administration sethoxydim pyridine , droplet falling into corn plants can produce injury.
( Two ) phytotoxicity symptoms. With herbicides stems, leaves treatment, contact with the liquid leaves produce chlorotic spots, chlorotic new leaves start from the base , and gradually extended to the entire leaf , leaves become yellow , brown or purple , and gradually dry up . Severe growth point wither , whole plant death , inhibited the growth of light .
( Three ) injury prevention and mitigation measures . Sethoxydim pyridine can not be used cornfield. Neighboring plots applied sethoxydim pyridine should allow sufficient isolation belt, pay attention to wind direction and speed when spraying , to prevent the liquid float moves cornfield. Once mistakenly water power sprayer sprayed serious harm , or damage should be promptly replant seed .
( A ) the cause of the injury . With herbicides stem, leaf processing , corn sensitive to glyphosate , facilities or liquid fall into the mistake of corn plants will produce injury.
( Two ) phytotoxicity symptoms. With herbicides stems, leaves treatment , injury symptoms appear slowly, the drug leaves first appear water-soaked , leaf curl inward , growth was seriously inhibited. Tip , leaf margin wilting , and some plant whole plant slowly withered.
( Three ) injury prevention and mitigation measures . Facilities and to avoid misuse of liquid falling into cornfield. Since the injury develops slowly , need tens of days to be observed Simiao . Therefore , the occurrence of the injury as soon as possible under the circumstances may a drug measures . If the amount of pesticide per hectare more than 600 grams , garden hand sprayers you should consider destroying species .
Sethoxydim pyridine ( Arrest net )
( A ) the cause of the injury . With herbicides stem, leaf processing , corn sethoxydim pyridine sensitive , mistakenly applied or adjacent land administration sethoxydim pyridine , droplet falling into corn plants can produce injury.
( Two ) phytotoxicity symptoms. With herbicides stems, leaves treatment, contact with the liquid leaves produce chlorotic spots, chlorotic new leaves start from the base , and gradually extended to the entire leaf , leaves become yellow , brown or purple , and gradually dry up . Severe growth point wither , whole plant death , inhibited the growth of light .
( Three ) injury prevention and mitigation measures . Sethoxydim pyridine can not be used cornfield. Neighboring plots applied sethoxydim pyridine should allow sufficient isolation belt, pay attention to wind direction and speed when spraying , to prevent the liquid float moves cornfield. Once mistakenly water power sprayer sprayed serious harm , or damage should be promptly replant seed .
Alachlor and acetochlor cause injury case
Alachlor
And Ming Lasuo in acid and alkaline hydrolysis conditions . Allow corn residues
0.05%. The eyes and skin have a strong stimulating effect. Commercially available 43% and 48% EC and 10%, 15 % of the granules. Alachlor is a selective preemergence herbicide use may control annual grass weeds and certain broadleaf weeds. Cornfield after sowing or planting weeds sprout after premedication , 43% EC 175 to 300 grams per acre , watered 50 to 60 kg , evenly backpack garden sprayers spray in topsoil ( arid regions after drug shallow soil mixing 2 to 4 cm ) . If splashed into the eyes and skin , rinse immediately with water and seek medical advice as soon as possible , if swallowed, should be immediately sent to hospital , induce vomiting or gastric lavage with 5% sodium bicarbonate solution .
Acetochlor
Acetochlor and alachlor belong acid herbicides , mild eye and skin irritation . Preparations are 43% and
50% of the EC. Is a selective preemergence herbicide acetochlor dry land , in the soil and lasts eight weeks or more, a pesticide can control the entire growth period without weeds . Can control annual grassy weeds, but perennial weeds invalid. Weeds on the main absorption site is acetochlor coleoptile must therefore be applied in pre-emergence weed . Per acre with 50 % of the EC 50 to 70 g of soil humidity of the southern upland acre with 30 to 60 grams per acre upland Northeast
130 grams , add water, 40 to 60 kg , in after sowing before tree sprayer spraying. Cucumber , rice, spinach , wheat, leek , millet, sorghum and other crops on acetochlor sensitive and should not be used .
And Ming Lasuo in acid and alkaline hydrolysis conditions . Allow corn residues
0.05%. The eyes and skin have a strong stimulating effect. Commercially available 43% and 48% EC and 10%, 15 % of the granules. Alachlor is a selective preemergence herbicide use may control annual grass weeds and certain broadleaf weeds. Cornfield after sowing or planting weeds sprout after premedication , 43% EC 175 to 300 grams per acre , watered 50 to 60 kg , evenly backpack garden sprayers spray in topsoil ( arid regions after drug shallow soil mixing 2 to 4 cm ) . If splashed into the eyes and skin , rinse immediately with water and seek medical advice as soon as possible , if swallowed, should be immediately sent to hospital , induce vomiting or gastric lavage with 5% sodium bicarbonate solution .
Acetochlor
Acetochlor and alachlor belong acid herbicides , mild eye and skin irritation . Preparations are 43% and
50% of the EC. Is a selective preemergence herbicide acetochlor dry land , in the soil and lasts eight weeks or more, a pesticide can control the entire growth period without weeds . Can control annual grassy weeds, but perennial weeds invalid. Weeds on the main absorption site is acetochlor coleoptile must therefore be applied in pre-emergence weed . Per acre with 50 % of the EC 50 to 70 g of soil humidity of the southern upland acre with 30 to 60 grams per acre upland Northeast
130 grams , add water, 40 to 60 kg , in after sowing before tree sprayer spraying. Cucumber , rice, spinach , wheat, leek , millet, sorghum and other crops on acetochlor sensitive and should not be used .
2013年9月11日星期三
Poor ten reasons pesticide efficacy
Medication timing allowed to grasp . Be sure to seize the opportunity to fight drugs , only to understand what happened pests law , timely medication, order Qin effect.
Improper application methods . Field occurrence of pests , hazards, and perched on crops have a hazard area, this particular site is that pesticides should hit the target . Not hit the target , pesticide control effect backward .
Increased resistance to pests . Pathogen and pest resistance to pesticides is today hampered play its control effect of pesticides and the potential effectiveness of reality.
Do not understand technology , control object is not clear. When the insects to fight disease , when the disease to kill insects , grass and insects in addition to do , this is primarily diagnostic error , discriminant unclear , leading to medication errors , prevent the poor and even injury.
Spraying liquid wastage . Currently widely used in rural spraying equipment, labor intensive , waste, coarse grain fog , anti- poor efficiency . This sprayers mist particles , poor adhesion , deposition rate, liquid dripping in the soil , the loss in the waters , not only wasted a liquid, but also seriously pollute the environment.
Control effect of pesticides own limitations . Some pesticides on some pest has good control effect, but for others powerless pest control effect is poor.
Application time is not a good grasp . Insect activity dominated by the law of alternating day and night , but also has its own " biological clock ." Therefore, we should grasp the pest activity patterns , in the day , respectively, at different times , targeted sprayer spraying on time in order to achieve the best results.
Weather conditions set . Different meteorological conditions are closely related with the control effects of pesticides . Different temperature , humidity, light , wind , Teenage etc. on pest occurrence , activity patterns and control effect has an impact. Large liquid wind drift , disperse , affecting control effect. Applying EC formulations of pesticides , spraying requires no rain within 24 hours .
Predators reduced. Since a large number of successive application of highly toxic , high residue pesticides, natural enemies of pests were greatly killing , the destruction of the ecological balance , portable power sprayer resulting in pest resurgence , forming a vicious cycle.
Water quality against the drug causes. Water has hard and soft water of the points. Well water , mine water, some mountain springs are mostly hard water , dilute pesticide poor results, due to contain minerals that will decompose pesticide active ingredients ; while ponds , rivers , streams , mostly water softener , mineral content, dilution effect of pesticides , but these ponds , rivers such as very muddy , will also affect the efficacy of the play .
Improper application methods . Field occurrence of pests , hazards, and perched on crops have a hazard area, this particular site is that pesticides should hit the target . Not hit the target , pesticide control effect backward .
Increased resistance to pests . Pathogen and pest resistance to pesticides is today hampered play its control effect of pesticides and the potential effectiveness of reality.
Do not understand technology , control object is not clear. When the insects to fight disease , when the disease to kill insects , grass and insects in addition to do , this is primarily diagnostic error , discriminant unclear , leading to medication errors , prevent the poor and even injury.
Spraying liquid wastage . Currently widely used in rural spraying equipment, labor intensive , waste, coarse grain fog , anti- poor efficiency . This sprayers mist particles , poor adhesion , deposition rate, liquid dripping in the soil , the loss in the waters , not only wasted a liquid, but also seriously pollute the environment.
Control effect of pesticides own limitations . Some pesticides on some pest has good control effect, but for others powerless pest control effect is poor.
Application time is not a good grasp . Insect activity dominated by the law of alternating day and night , but also has its own " biological clock ." Therefore, we should grasp the pest activity patterns , in the day , respectively, at different times , targeted sprayer spraying on time in order to achieve the best results.
Weather conditions set . Different meteorological conditions are closely related with the control effects of pesticides . Different temperature , humidity, light , wind , Teenage etc. on pest occurrence , activity patterns and control effect has an impact. Large liquid wind drift , disperse , affecting control effect. Applying EC formulations of pesticides , spraying requires no rain within 24 hours .
Predators reduced. Since a large number of successive application of highly toxic , high residue pesticides, natural enemies of pests were greatly killing , the destruction of the ecological balance , portable power sprayer resulting in pest resurgence , forming a vicious cycle.
Water quality against the drug causes. Water has hard and soft water of the points. Well water , mine water, some mountain springs are mostly hard water , dilute pesticide poor results, due to contain minerals that will decompose pesticide active ingredients ; while ponds , rivers , streams , mostly water softener , mineral content, dilution effect of pesticides , but these ponds , rivers such as very muddy , will also affect the efficacy of the play .
Spraying pesticides job the right way
Significantly increased over recent years, crop pests , pesticide use increased , many farmers in field operations has formed a fixed manner . But from a scientific point of view, farmers knapsack power sprayer spraying pesticides , there are still some errors:
First, the front of the body , " the" word swinging spray. Disadvantage is that the front spraying , people in the drug environment sprayed forward , likely to cause pesticide poisoning. Further , when spraying herbicide closed , easy uniform spray , artificial membrane damage after treading to reduce the control effect . Sprayer should be changed right in front of " the" word of swing sideways " s" word swing. Motorized spraying and spraying herbicides should be taken parallel advance spray.
Second, the large droplet spray. Make spray uneven , particularly those affecting tag insecticide control effect. Large liquid droplet spray is also easy to cause the loss of plants low , the waste is more serious , you should try to use a good spray atomization performance , the use of spray holes tablets , a small droplet spray evenly .
Third, the jet " target " crops. Direct spray sprayer can be used generally , and motorized sprayer to mist type , direct spray will greatly reduce the work efficiency, can not be fully motorized sprayer good atomization characteristics of high efficiency . Sprayer job the right way should be 20 cm above the crop , spray drift downwind implementation .
Fourth, the liquid bottle sprayer sprayed from dripping on the extent of the blade . According to scientific determination of liquid drops on the leaves , the liquid precipitation was only 50% of the maximum amount of precipitation can not maximize the efficacy and caused a lot of pesticide waste. It should be evenly sprayed , try not to have liquid dripping .
First, the front of the body , " the" word swinging spray. Disadvantage is that the front spraying , people in the drug environment sprayed forward , likely to cause pesticide poisoning. Further , when spraying herbicide closed , easy uniform spray , artificial membrane damage after treading to reduce the control effect . Sprayer should be changed right in front of " the" word of swing sideways " s" word swing. Motorized spraying and spraying herbicides should be taken parallel advance spray.
Second, the large droplet spray. Make spray uneven , particularly those affecting tag insecticide control effect. Large liquid droplet spray is also easy to cause the loss of plants low , the waste is more serious , you should try to use a good spray atomization performance , the use of spray holes tablets , a small droplet spray evenly .
Third, the jet " target " crops. Direct spray sprayer can be used generally , and motorized sprayer to mist type , direct spray will greatly reduce the work efficiency, can not be fully motorized sprayer good atomization characteristics of high efficiency . Sprayer job the right way should be 20 cm above the crop , spray drift downwind implementation .
Fourth, the liquid bottle sprayer sprayed from dripping on the extent of the blade . According to scientific determination of liquid drops on the leaves , the liquid precipitation was only 50% of the maximum amount of precipitation can not maximize the efficacy and caused a lot of pesticide waste. It should be evenly sprayed , try not to have liquid dripping .
Security is very important spraying of pesticides
Application personnel should be physically healthy , trained , with a certain plant protection knowledge . Elderly, infirm people, children and pregnant and lactating women can not spraying. Spraying must note the following:
To check whether a pesticide Yaoxie intact . Do not spray the liquid overfill to prevent liquid spills, contaminated skin and protective clothing ; spraying spaces shall be provided with sufficient water , cleaning agents, first aid kit , repair tools.
Second, we must wear protective equipment . Such as gloves , masks and protective clothing to prevent pesticide into the eyes , on skin or suck the human body. After spraying , you should immediately take off protective equipment , load pre-prepared plastic bag. Back immediately after washing 2 to 3 times , dry storage.
Third, we must pay attention to safety when irrigation sprayer spraying . Rain, windy weather , with temperatures not spraying ; should always upwind spraying, do not wind spraying ; spraying will be prohibited eating, drinking , smoking ; Do not mouth to blow clogged nozzles , application toothpick , straw or water to clear .
Annual herbicide 2-4D butyl drift caused huge losses to agriculture and forestry , according to the survey , hundreds of acres of forest acreage , especially victims of the most serious locust street , there are a few acres of fruit loss , mainly on the grape the greatest impact .
Fourth, we should grasp the poisoning first aid knowledge . Such as pesticides splashed into the eyes or on the skin , promptly flush with water ; such as headache, nausea , vomiting and other symptoms , should immediately stop work , take off contaminated clothing , carrying pesticide labels to the nearest hospital.
Fifth, we must correct cleaning application equipment . Equipments spraying should be washed after each use , not in rivers, streams ,garden sprayer backpack flush the well to prevent water pollution . Pesticide packaging waste is strictly prohibited as it used to, can not throw , to concentrate stored , handled properly. After spraying herbicide particular attention must be cleaned to avoid injury. Best to have a dedicated spray herbicides .
To check whether a pesticide Yaoxie intact . Do not spray the liquid overfill to prevent liquid spills, contaminated skin and protective clothing ; spraying spaces shall be provided with sufficient water , cleaning agents, first aid kit , repair tools.
Second, we must wear protective equipment . Such as gloves , masks and protective clothing to prevent pesticide into the eyes , on skin or suck the human body. After spraying , you should immediately take off protective equipment , load pre-prepared plastic bag. Back immediately after washing 2 to 3 times , dry storage.
Third, we must pay attention to safety when irrigation sprayer spraying . Rain, windy weather , with temperatures not spraying ; should always upwind spraying, do not wind spraying ; spraying will be prohibited eating, drinking , smoking ; Do not mouth to blow clogged nozzles , application toothpick , straw or water to clear .
Annual herbicide 2-4D butyl drift caused huge losses to agriculture and forestry , according to the survey , hundreds of acres of forest acreage , especially victims of the most serious locust street , there are a few acres of fruit loss , mainly on the grape the greatest impact .
Fourth, we should grasp the poisoning first aid knowledge . Such as pesticides splashed into the eyes or on the skin , promptly flush with water ; such as headache, nausea , vomiting and other symptoms , should immediately stop work , take off contaminated clothing , carrying pesticide labels to the nearest hospital.
Fifth, we must correct cleaning application equipment . Equipments spraying should be washed after each use , not in rivers, streams ,garden sprayer backpack flush the well to prevent water pollution . Pesticide packaging waste is strictly prohibited as it used to, can not throw , to concentrate stored , handled properly. After spraying herbicide particular attention must be cleaned to avoid injury. Best to have a dedicated spray herbicides .
How rational use of pesticides
1 . Choose varieties
Control object for the appropriate choice of different varieties of pesticides . For example, insect bite leaves the choice of a strong stomach toxicity agents, such as Pieris should be used and avermectin with gastric toxicity of pharmaceutical ; agricultural sprayer pests suck plant juices should use the absorption of pharmaceutical products, such as aphids, fly lice, leafhoppers to use imidacloprid absorption of agents.
Some farmers in the use of pesticides are blind , arbitrary relatively strong , medication is not symptomatic and wasteful . In particular, when pesticide use in several different names of the same pharmaceutical compounding , not only to achieve their control effect and may cause injury,water pressure sprayer increased pest resistance.
2 . Preparation of pesticides
First, calculate the dosage. Pesticide labels are generally recommended dosage or how many grams per mu ml pesticide spraying area and should be based on the recommended dosage on the label dosage calculations .
The second is dispensed .
Control object for the appropriate choice of different varieties of pesticides . For example, insect bite leaves the choice of a strong stomach toxicity agents, such as Pieris should be used and avermectin with gastric toxicity of pharmaceutical ; agricultural sprayer pests suck plant juices should use the absorption of pharmaceutical products, such as aphids, fly lice, leafhoppers to use imidacloprid absorption of agents.
Some farmers in the use of pesticides are blind , arbitrary relatively strong , medication is not symptomatic and wasteful . In particular, when pesticide use in several different names of the same pharmaceutical compounding , not only to achieve their control effect and may cause injury,water pressure sprayer increased pest resistance.
2 . Preparation of pesticides
First, calculate the dosage. Pesticide labels are generally recommended dosage or how many grams per mu ml pesticide spraying area and should be based on the recommended dosage on the label dosage calculations .
The second is dispensed .
2013年9月9日星期一
How the injury occurred
Some friends of farmers in the field after the injury occurs first thought is whether the use of substandard counterfeit pesticides. Indeed, pharmaceutical chemical control is the foundation . To this end, we carefully select the purchase of medicines channels to promote and improve the ability to identify counterfeit pesticides . Actually, it 's the other reason phytotoxicity may be more important reason is the use of the problem . Whatever pesticides, has duality , like human medicine called " three-drug ." In pest control there is also the possibility of crop damage . After several experiments , as long as strict compliance , that is, to achieve symptomatic , timely and appropriate use will not appear on the injury . Generally herbicides, plant growth regulators less secure , must be extremely careful when using .
Summary In the course of medication often make mistakes , to the following few:
Bought the wrong the wrong agents, such as mistakenly MCPA sodium salt when nitrofen use , that they are common herbicides can ; worry ineffective, arbitrarily increase the dose ; dilution bad or knapsack sprayer spray evenly, resulting in local drug excessive ; improper use of , such as copper ion -sensitive peach, plum, apricot, persimmon , pear , cabbage using Bordeaux mixture ; or the use of herbicides in paddy water leakage sandy closed treatment ; or in windy day use of 2,4 - butylate , although in a wheat field spraying , but the wind drift into the adjacent liquid melon , soybean fields or forests , or on weak resistant flowering of spraying Pharmacy ; spraying equipment cleaning is not well, pharmaceutical residues cause injury , such as sprayed 2,4 - butylate no serious cleaning home garden sprayer spray , and then for melons, vegetables , bean fields.
In addition, special weather , soil , cultivation environment may lead to injury, should be avoided. Such as high temperature volatile trifluralin and EPTC and other agents for soil treatment ; when the soil temperature is below 15 ℃, use on soybean Acifluorfen . In addition , rainfall may be leached into the lower surface of Pharmacy crop roots and is absorbed deep irrigation or drought resistant crops may also reduce and increase the likelihood of occurrence of injury .
Summary In the course of medication often make mistakes , to the following few:
Bought the wrong the wrong agents, such as mistakenly MCPA sodium salt when nitrofen use , that they are common herbicides can ; worry ineffective, arbitrarily increase the dose ; dilution bad or knapsack sprayer spray evenly, resulting in local drug excessive ; improper use of , such as copper ion -sensitive peach, plum, apricot, persimmon , pear , cabbage using Bordeaux mixture ; or the use of herbicides in paddy water leakage sandy closed treatment ; or in windy day use of 2,4 - butylate , although in a wheat field spraying , but the wind drift into the adjacent liquid melon , soybean fields or forests , or on weak resistant flowering of spraying Pharmacy ; spraying equipment cleaning is not well, pharmaceutical residues cause injury , such as sprayed 2,4 - butylate no serious cleaning home garden sprayer spray , and then for melons, vegetables , bean fields.
In addition, special weather , soil , cultivation environment may lead to injury, should be avoided. Such as high temperature volatile trifluralin and EPTC and other agents for soil treatment ; when the soil temperature is below 15 ℃, use on soybean Acifluorfen . In addition , rainfall may be leached into the lower surface of Pharmacy crop roots and is absorbed deep irrigation or drought resistant crops may also reduce and increase the likelihood of occurrence of injury .
Scientific understanding and responding to the injury occurred
Injury due to the performance of crop species , pharmacy characteristics , dose and mode of application -specific, can be divided into the following types:
Growth arrest and die even as Yaojibanzhong or delayed emergence herbicide for soil treatment or lower germination rate ; crop growing season misuse Herbicide back sprayersspraying both leaf or soil treatment plants are causing yellowing , wilt .
Burns leaf tissue . Such as leaf wilt , wilting , coke side , etc. , occurs in young tissues broadleaf plants , the use of emulsions prone . Leaves and fruits on the local cell damage may also cause different color spots , reducing vegetable and fruit quality.
Malformations, including leaf , wrinkled , tufted, clubroot , chicken root , deformed ear ( fruit ) and so on. If booting the use of hormones in wheat herbicide 2,4 - butylate cause ear deformities ; tomato dip flower caused by abnormal fruit and so on.
Chlorotic . If using long , ureas chloroplasts herbicide damage , performance leaves yellowing, whitening , the latter will appear off leaves or fruit , or leaves , young shoots scorch .
Infertility, is not true. Mainly refers to the reproductive stages of a pharmaceutical crop effects, such as rice booting misuse of glyphosate , will increase the empty flat rate .
Observed that all of these symptoms, determine the initial crop hurt, but proved to be caused by the need to do the following pharmaceutical Survey:
View medication time and the time relationship of adverse reactions . Role of direct, acute onset of phytotoxicity after application can occur within hours or days , it is easier to establish contact . Chronic injury symptoms appear slowly , even in the Xiacha only manifested , but after exclusion of other special circumstances you can still find some connection .
Comparative survey medication and without medication, using different agents after crop conditions .
Symptoms of drug mechanism of action and whether the link between features .
For suspected acute injury , optional normal growth of the plots by the previous method and dosage liquid sprayer spraying again to observe whether there is the same symptoms .
If necessary, ask the professional sector to take soil , irrigation and non- normal plants for pesticide residue testing.
Growth arrest and die even as Yaojibanzhong or delayed emergence herbicide for soil treatment or lower germination rate ; crop growing season misuse Herbicide back sprayersspraying both leaf or soil treatment plants are causing yellowing , wilt .
Burns leaf tissue . Such as leaf wilt , wilting , coke side , etc. , occurs in young tissues broadleaf plants , the use of emulsions prone . Leaves and fruits on the local cell damage may also cause different color spots , reducing vegetable and fruit quality.
Malformations, including leaf , wrinkled , tufted, clubroot , chicken root , deformed ear ( fruit ) and so on. If booting the use of hormones in wheat herbicide 2,4 - butylate cause ear deformities ; tomato dip flower caused by abnormal fruit and so on.
Chlorotic . If using long , ureas chloroplasts herbicide damage , performance leaves yellowing, whitening , the latter will appear off leaves or fruit , or leaves , young shoots scorch .
Infertility, is not true. Mainly refers to the reproductive stages of a pharmaceutical crop effects, such as rice booting misuse of glyphosate , will increase the empty flat rate .
Observed that all of these symptoms, determine the initial crop hurt, but proved to be caused by the need to do the following pharmaceutical Survey:
View medication time and the time relationship of adverse reactions . Role of direct, acute onset of phytotoxicity after application can occur within hours or days , it is easier to establish contact . Chronic injury symptoms appear slowly , even in the Xiacha only manifested , but after exclusion of other special circumstances you can still find some connection .
Comparative survey medication and without medication, using different agents after crop conditions .
Symptoms of drug mechanism of action and whether the link between features .
For suspected acute injury , optional normal growth of the plots by the previous method and dosage liquid sprayer spraying again to observe whether there is the same symptoms .
If necessary, ask the professional sector to take soil , irrigation and non- normal plants for pesticide residue testing.
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